Study On Numerical Simulation Of Teaching Building Fire And Evacuation

Building fires bring huge losses and injuries to economy and personnel.Teaching buildings are also facing this problem.Because of the complex structure and large number of personnel,casualties are more serious when emergencies occur.This thesis chooses Xinhua Building in Fuxin Zhonghua Road Campus of Liaoning Technical University as the research object,uses FDS to simulate the fire of teaching building,sets up three different fire scenarios,analyses the spread of smoke in corridor and smoke temperature and other parameters,determines the time when the teaching building is in danger,and compares the evacuation time and available evacuation time under the corresponding fire scenarios.Scenario one and two can ensure the safe evacuation of people.Scenario three is in dangerous state as a whole,but each area can guarantee the evacuation of people.In order to better study the evacuation performance of teaching buildings and establish personnel simulation model,evacuation experiments were carried out.Statistical video was used to obtain the movement characteristic parameters of personnel.The average movement speed of personnel in horizontal direction was 1.6 m/s,and that of downstairs was 0.89 m/s.Personnel were evacuated from the classroom for 110 s,with 142 people passing through the west exit of the classroom and 129 people passing through the east exit of the classroom.The total safe evacuation time from the teaching building is 211 s.The simulation model is established.The simulation results show that the human movement phenomenon is similar to that recorded by video.The evacuation time of single room evacuation simulation is 108.03 s,and the total evacuation time is 186.3s,which is close to the experimental results.In order to improve the evacuation ability of buildings,the evacuation model is established by using Pathfinder simulation software,and the structure of classroom and staircase is analyzed to improve the evacuation efficiency.For multi-obstacle classrooms,when the total width of aisle is fixed and the total number of desks and chairs is unchanged,the more longitudinal aisles are,the better evacuation time is;when desks and chairs are distributed symmetrically,the lateral movement between desks and chairs decreases,and the evacuation efficiency is the best.The symmetrical structure of double-exit classroom facilitates people's choice of exit and evacuation efficiency is higher.When the total width of exit is 3.36 m,it can meet the evacuation requirements.The theoretical formula of the optimum distance between the exit of multi-obstacle and double-exit classroom is put forward,which is verified by Pathfinder simulation.Three staircase structures are designed.By comparing the number of staircase bearers and the anti-interference ability,the parallel double-Run staircase structure is more suitable for the teaching building in the case of emergency evacuation.Combined with the analysis results,the optimized simulation model of the teaching building is established.Under the condition of maximum personnel load,the total evacuation time of the teaching building is shortened from 360.8s to 333.8s.Under three fire scenarios,the teaching building is in a safe state and the personnel can evacuate safely.This thesis has 94 figures,4 tables,and 61 references.