Study On Evacuation Strategy In Typical Regions Of Buildings For The Elderly Under The Medical-Nursing Combined Mode

As the China’s ageing society problem appears to be worsening,the construction of comprehensive nursing facilities such as medical care and medical commerce is also facing many problems,such as complicated functions of building space,inconvenience for seniors to move,and hard to search-and-rescue when there is a fire.Thus,related research focusing on safe evacuation has become particularly important.In recent years,more and more elderly facilities are under construction worldwide.Due to insufficient capital or certain safety hazards from old building’s renovations,the casualty rate is usually very high when there is a fire in the elderly facilities.Therefore,it is very important to consider evacuation when the designer works on elderly facilities projects,either on design of a new building or renovation old buildings.This paper closely combines the research and practice needs of medical-integrated aged care facilities in mainland China.It summarizes the problems that the seniors have in their behaviors,living habits and other signatures based on a deep investigation.Analysis was carried out by using Pathfinder to mimic human behavior in emergency evacuation.After qualitative and quantitative analysis,four different types of evacuation system for architectural design of old-age facilities were provided,including horizontal evacuation system,vertical evacuation system,evacuation system and evacuation indication management system.The design strategy follows the principle of ensuring safety in the escape process and improves evacuation efficiency.This article focuses on the following three points in the research content:Firstly,the article summarizes the evacuation characteristics and behavioral abilities of the elderly with different levels of care,conducts a full field research and analysis on domestic old-age facilities,and compares with China’s architectural design specifications to summarize the exist problems of China’s old-age facilities in evacuation design.Secondly,Pathfinder was used to simulate and analyze the "one" type old-age facilities in the horizontal evacuation system,vertical evacuation system and evacuation system.Through the comparative analysis of the data,the elderly facilities are summarized under such plane layout mode.The general problems that exist during the safe evacuation process and propose the best design.Finally,by summarizing the problems in the research and simulation,the corresponding optimization design points are given in four aspects: horizontal evacuation system,verticalevacuation system,evacuation system and guidance system for different layout types.Based on the national conditions,this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the fire prevention and evacuation of old-age facilities,enriches the research system of China’s elderly building safety issues,and broadens the research content of medical care and old-age buildings.Finally,an optimization strategy is proposed to provide the architects with a design basis in a more intuitive way.