Study On Design Ideas Of Park Plant Landscape Based On Maslow's Demand Hierarchy Theory

With the continuous intensification of land exploitation in the city,people living in highdense area are more and more eager for access to natural environment,in order to obtain pleasure physically and psychologically.Urban parks are the major public spaces in the city for citizens to get close to the nature and relax themselves.Plant landscape in urban parks in particular,accommodate citizen's need in multiple aspects(physical,safety,social,and aesthetic).Currently,the plant landscaping design in many China's urban parks has common issues as follow: Over focusing on the shape of plants and the standardized form of design;over pursuing greening rate and evergreen effect;the plant pattern——ground cover-bush-arbor——are used more to often in spite of different needs existing in diverse spaces;the plant landscape is wrongly regarded as affiliated facility of building and hard landscape;the multieffect of plant landscape is often neglected;the actual application effect of plant landscape is not thoroughly considered,nor is user experience.Consequently,the overall plant landscape in those parks fall short in diversity of both appearance and function.This paper is based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Need,exploring people's daily needs that can be accommodated by plant landscape in urban parks.Aesthetic need is added on the five basic needs——physiological need,safety need,social need,esteem need,and self fulfillment in this paper,in order to analyzing the ability of plant landscape when it comes to accommodating user's multilevel demand.A few design ideas are presented in this paper to accommodate the multilevel demand:(1)Designs should fully consider the particular circumstances of land,trees,and day lighting;(2)chose proper specie and quality of plants,and control visibility to create relatively private spaces for people of safety need;(3)create diverse social spaces by designing the height and width of plants while collaborating with landform.(3)create vivid and funny plant landscape to accommodate people's aesthetic need by using diverse,multilevel,multi-season,sweet plants.(5)Reach the goal of putting people first and accommodate the esteem need by using proper scale of design;(6)create the interaction between user and plant landscape by bring public participation to the design process,and create funny landscape that inspire people by plant layout.Based on the established design guide above,the Lixiang Park is chose as a case to apply those guides.Some negative factors exist in the park currently: the unsatisfied density arrange of green space,highly enclosed public space,bad visibility of some green spaces,dull landscaping and low ornamental value of plants.To improve the ability of the park to accommodate people's multilevel needs,some proposals of space are put forward: high-level circular road,playground,relatively private rest area,great lawn.This paper aim at coming up with a series of guide and reference for the design of plant landscape in future parks,based on fully using the multilevel effect of park's plant landscape.