Concept Transformation And Evaluation Method Of Public Transport Priority From The Perspective Of Equity And Accessibility

Since the public transport priority strategy raised in 1960s,it has aimed at solving various problems brought with development of private car.How to ensure the relative priority of public transport to private car,scholars have concluded four aspects of content:planning,policy,operation and technology.Under the impetus of the demonstration of "Transit-oriented Cities Pilot Project",many cities has principally taken public transport priority as their transport development strategy recent years,but the real effect is far behind what was expected.The ridership of public transport is constantly declining.How to solve the public transport problems of public transport,the key point is to make public transport premier to private car.The main problem now lays on the concept of public transport priority and evaluation method,we are unable to find the fundamental contradiction of it.We have put much more emphasis on construction investment rather than ensuring output.It still lacks the evaluation of whether public transport priority has improved after taking various measures.At the same time,many researchers find the investment on private car infrastructure and many invisible subsidies is more than public transport.Many scholars also study public transport system from the aspect of investment efficiency..The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and methodological support for the transformation and evaluation of public transport priority.The article first analyzes problems in concept,implementation and evaluation system of traditional public transport priority,which lies in the lack of multidisciplinary integration,low-end positioning,not close connect between land-use and public transport,regional imbalance,over simple fiscal policy and incomplete evaluation system.After the analysis on key problems,the concept of accessibility and equity was brought.Then the article concluded the research status of accessibility and equity in public transport priority area,applied related subject theory,deepened and broadened connotation of public transport priority.The article also expanded several public transport priority concept including time accessibility,cost accessibility,employment accessibility,spatial equity,transport mode equity and group equity.Then the paper discusses the analysis method of bus priority,this paper first expounds the core research idea after expanding public transport priority concept.points out that the key point after the development of public transport priority concept is public transportation accessibility,and then determines the research method of public transport’s substantive priority accessibility and equity,and establishes the research framework of public transport’s substantive priority;then it is refined.On basis of equity and accessibility,the research contents of public transport priority are:Travel rights equality and travel opportunity compensation,efficiency and performance compensation,and 3 aspects of economic cost equality and investment and cost compensation.This paper summarizes and analyzes several research methods of accessibility and equity,compares different calculation methods,and sums up ideas and methods applicable to public transport priority analysis and evaluation.Then,this paper introduces the technical platform based on bus priority and the key technical methods used.The technical platform is mainly the API and ArcGIS platform of High German map.The key technical methods include using the Python language to batch the online map API to obtain route planning and time based data and the use of space on ArcGIS.Analysis tools.On basis of research above,two empirical studies are carried out in this paper.First of all,taking the city of Nanjing as an example,the average travel time consumption and the average travel payment of public transport and private cars in the early peak period of Nanjing city are studied and analyzed.Then by calculating the equity of the total external subsidy for public transport and cars,the priority of public transport in Nanjing compared to cars.Result shows that,on average travel time,public transport travel is obviously larger than car,but from early peak period to causal period,the peak time has little influence on the time consumption of public transportation.The influence of such measures.In the travel cost,the average travel cost ratio of car and public transportation is increased from the city center,and the urban center area has a relatively better bus cost.On the total external subsidy,the car gets relatively more external subsidies,and it needs to increase the external cost related taxes and fees of cars appropriately.Secondly,this paper compares the travel time ratio and spatial distribution of public transportation and car in the old city of Nanjing and Shanghai historical city,and calculates the bus priority Gini coefficient based on the average travel time and average travel cost of public transport,travel time and ratio of two urban districts.The result shows that the priority of the bus in Shanghai is better than that of Nanjing.The old urban area,but mainly because Shanghai has a more dense rail transit network and construction cost,the investment efficiency of public transport facilities still needs to be evaluated and compared.The whole thesis contains about 49 000 words,67 pictures and charts.