Study On The Accessibility And Equity Of Urban Medical Services From The Perspective Of Public Transport

As the most important and fundamental item of urban public infrastructure,medical facilities have equalized services related to the healthy life of residents.However,with the development of society,the complexity of urban spatial structure and the continuous growth of population make the uneven distribution and insufficient supply of medical resources increasingly serious.Research on accessibility is often used to measure the layout rationality and allocation fairness of different types of public facilities.Therefore,the research of accessibility based on medical facilities is of great significance and value to realize the equalization of medical services,promote social equity and improve the level of urban development.With the development of big data,mobile positioning,real-time prediction and other technologies,Web Map Service has gradually matured and applied to residents’ daily travel.While providing people with diversified services such as path planning and location query,a huge amount of data has also been stored in the background.These data play an important role in the measurement of accessibility.From the perspective of public transport,this paper obtains the data of "door-to-door" travel cost based on web map service,and attempts to construct a comprehensive framework model to measure accessibility from different dimensions of time,economy and comfort.In addition,considering the limitation of traditional spatial accessibility limited to two-dimensional plane,this paper added the consideration of time attribute,and combined the measurement results with the location distribution characteristics of medical resources to further reflect the equity of urban medical services.Taking Xi ’an City as an empirical study,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)When the public transport accessibility to hospitals is evaluated comprehensively based on multiple indicators,the differences of spatial characteristics of large high-level hospitals and grass-root community hospitals can be well distinguished,so as to avoid the single spatial rule generated when the accessibility is measured only by the cost of travel time,that is,the further the city extends,the lower the public transport accessibility to medical treatment becomes;(2)The traffic system chaos caused by urban morning peak-hour makes the maximum boundaries of medical isochrons of large high-level hospitals and grassroots community hospitals increase by 11%and 14%respectively.The short-term medical isochron less than 45 minutes and the available medical opportunities are seriously affected.However,the accessibility of some residential areas is not affected by the morning peak-hour,and they are mainly distributed within the 800-meter service range of the subway station;(3)The spatial agglomeration degree of large high-level hospitals distribution is slightly lower,the location entropy with street as the scale has the characteristics of "high in the core city and low in the periphery" in space with obvious positive correlation.However,the grass-root community hospitals have formed the the opposite characteristics of "low in the core urban area and high in the periphery" with no obvious autocorrelation phenomenon in space,its resource allocation structure is inferior to that of the large high-level hospitals;(4)When choosing the large high-level hospitals,there is a big gap between the accessibility and equity of various streets,and the high population density has a certain adverse impact on the access to medical services.While choosing grass-root community hospitals,the degree of equtiy and the level of accessibility between the various streets is more similar.According to the research conclusions,finally,based on the medical service supply side and public transport supply side,this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the medical service level of Xi’an.