| The "New Urban Agenda" of the United Nations "Habitat Ⅲ" clearly states "creating sustainable,safe and low-cost urban transport",with a focus on public transport and non-motor vehicle optimization.Public Transport Oriented Development(TOD)has increased the equity of people,from a purely efficient orientation to a more comprehensive benefit orientation.The vulnerable groups and social equity require us to include public transportation more in accessibility studies.This study includes two core parts.One this the theoretical construction of public transport accessibility.The other is the empirical analysis.It aims to deepen the study of public transport accessibility.At the same time,lay a certain theoretical foundation and provide some methods for public transport accessibility.The theoretical construction part focuses on the expansion of public transport accessibility.It is considered that public transport accessibility has time difference,spatial difference,travel competitiveness,spatial autocorrelation and environmental variability.The concept derivative part establishes the relationship between subjective accessibility and objective accessibility to built environment,personal attributes and preferences of residents,and information and communication technologies.The specific empirical part takes the urban area of Kunshan as an example to explore the level of public transport construction and its spatial distribution characteristics.Conduct empirical research from the perspective of traffic equity and efficiency to employment accessibility.It aims to propose specific proposals for policy development for the construction of Bus city.This study uses the potential model and the opportunity accumulation model to analyze the job accessibility of different traffic modes in Kunshan.By using the API of Gaode map to obtain travel costs(travel time,travel expenses,travel distance).To analyze the difference between the data and spatial characteristics of job accessibility,and then explore the impact of different factors on employment accessibility.Finally put forward specific implementation recommendations for the research results.The results of the study indicate that:(1)The characteristics of residential and employment space in Kunshan are similar.It is finally determined that the residential population in downtown Kunshan is about 1.667 million,and the average resident population density is 0.4 million/km2.There are 12,903,45 jobs,and the average employment population density is 0.29 million/km2.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the population of downtown Kunshan has a relatively obvious "cross" structure.At the same time,due to the crossing of Shanghai-Nanjing line and the rapid development of Huaqiao Business City,the population along the Shanghai-Nanjing line also showed a band-like feature of agglomeration.There are two concentrated employment centers:the Old City and Huaqiao Business City.(2)Different travel modes have different cost space characteristics.From the average travel time comparison,the car is shorter than the bus travel time.However,its spatial characteristics present a different distribution.Car presents a central-peripheral circle structure,while public transport exhibits a central+axial expansion along the density of the bus line.It is worth mentioning that the average cost of public transportation in the downtown area of Kunshan is characterized by the diversity of the route pricing.(3)We use different methods to do research of Job accessibility.Using the potential model and the opportunity accumulation method to explore the employment accessibility of different modes of travel in downtown Kunshan.We can find that the potential model considering the relationship between supply and demand.But ultimately the result is a value with no unit size.The opportunity accumulation model is simple to operate and can obtain accurate job value.The value of job accessibility has measurable significance and is convenient for urban planning management.But it does not consider the actual distance attenuation and supply and demand relationship.(4)This study uses correlation analysis to determine the extent to which different factors influence the accessibility of different modes of travel.The car accessibility is less affected by external factors and is the most competitive.The public transport accessibility has a negative correlation with the average travel time and distance of public transport.The longer the travel time and distance,the worse the accessibility of public transport,and the density of residence,employment density,bus station density and various grades.The road density is positively correlated with the accessibility of public transport.The density of residence,employment density and the density of public transport stations are more correlated.It indicates that to improve the accessibility of public transport,it is necessary to increase the density of residence and employment.And at the same time,we need to build public transport infrastructure.(5)We use the modal accessibility gap(MAG)and the public transport relative priority(P)index to determine the job accessibility of different modes.In terms of space,MAG exhibits a center-edge feature,indicating that car is superior to public transport in remote areas of the city,while the gap in the old city is small.The traffic areas with higher negative values are concentrated in the southern new city.The traffic areas with higher values are concentrated in the old city and Huaqiao business district.It constructs a research framework from objective accessibility to subjective accessibility.The exploration of public transport accessibility attributes contributes to the core values of fair urban planning.At the same time,the research method of public transport accessibility is optimized.By studying the different scales of the city,it is considering the whole process of travel.We try to construct a high precision,considering different traffic modes of time/job/cost accessibility models of different social groups.It will undoubtedly enrich and deepen the reachability of methods and applications.The application of multivariate data and the use of different research scales to analyze,in order to meet the planning needs.The small research scales are suit for the control detailed planning.It will be easy to integrate the management of the block.And the big research scale applies to the national space Planning,which to facilitate the urban spatial structure.The whole thesis contains about 51 237 words,129 pictures and tables. |
PDF Full Text Request