Research On Optimizing Distribution Of Rural Settlements In Wafangdian Based On Gravity Model

In recent years,livable rural planning is in full swing in Liaoning Province.A series of urban and rural contradictions brought by the rapid urbanization has become the key and difficult point of the planning.With the rapid expansion of urban space and the increase in the demand for urban land,rural land is constantly occupied.In addition,the lack of overall planning leads to the confusion of the urban and rural boundaries and the confusion of the functional layout.At the same time,because of the changes in the rural industrial structure and the agglomeration of industry,the rural settlements also have the trend of agglomeration and development.Therefore,the rural space in China needs to be transformed.Reconstructing the rural space is the key to the construction of livable rural.All the local governments are committed to building the spatial hierarchy of "city center town,general town,central village and basic level village",so as to change the phenomenon of low radiative force of towns and confusion of rural space.Gravity model is an important technical method to analyze the relationship between regions.It has also been applied in the field of urban and rural planning since it has been proved and improved by experts and scholars for a long time.Based on the characteristics of rural settlements in Wafangdian City,two parameters of gravity model were optimized,and the evaluation method of quality and distance in gravity model was improved.Through the construction of gravity model in Wafangdian City,we get the results of spatial layout optimization of rural settlements in Wafangdian City,which can provide some scientific basis for actual planning.This study takes Wafangdian City of Liaoning Province as a research area.And in this study,the relationship between rural residential space and space is discussed,and the characteristics,elements and calculation methods of the gravitational model in the rural residential area are analyzed.With the support of GIS,we study how to build Wafangdian City's rural residential space system by calculating the two main parameters of the gravity model,the distance between rural settlements and the development potential of rural settlements,and how to construct Wafangdian City gravity model to optimize the spatial layout of rural settlements.The main contents of the study include:(1)Calculation of the time distance of the rural settlements.This research has optimized the calculation method of distance parameters in gravitational model,and used time distance instead of traditional spatial distance to express rural residential area's degree of accessibility more accurately.First,based on the status of land use in Wafangdian City,different grades of road lines and topographic resistance,the speed grid and time grid are constructed.Then,Based on the results of interviews and questionnaire survey,we determine the farming radius of rural settlements in Wafangdian City,and calculate the time distance between rural settlements in Wafangdian City based on the cost distance weighting method of ArcGIS as the distance in the gravity model.(2)Evaluation of the development potential of rural settlements.By analyzing the factors affecting the development potential of rural r settlements in Wafangdian City,and using the results of rural satisfaction survey and the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of factors.Then,by using GIS spatial superposition technology to stack all the factors,the results of the comprehensive development potential of the rural settlements in Wafangdian City are taken as the quality of the gravity model.(3)Construction and layout optimization of rural residential space system.According to the results of the gravitational calculation of the rural settlements in Wafangdian City and the local public participation and expert discussion,we can determine the central village,basic village and relocated villages,so as to establish the space system of rural residents in Wafangdian City City.Then we can analyze and study the migration direction and integration scheme,and get the final optimization scheme of the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Wafangdian City.According to the research on the spatial layout of rural settlements in Wafangdian City,161 central villages,1189 grass-roots villages and 257 relocated villages have been identified by gravity model.The conclusions of this study provide a scientific basis for the planning of rural settlements and the construction planning of livable rural areas in Wafangdian City.The conclusion of this study provides a scientific basis for the planning of rural settlements and the construction planning of livable rural areas in Wafangdian City.