Analysis On The Difference Of Air Pollution Between Urban And Rural Areas In Shijiazhuang City

Air pollution has become one of the important concerns of environmental pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei?BTH?.As one of the important cities in BTH,Shijiazhuang has long ranked in the bottom ten of the national air quality ranking.In order to effectively grasp the influencing factors,current situation and evolution of air pollution in Shijiazhuang,many scholars have conducted more discussions in this area.However,most of the scholars'research scope is limited to cities,and there are few studies on the differences in rural or urban air pollution,which is not conducive to comprehensive control of air pollution control.Comparing the characteristics of urban and rural air pollution from time and space can further understand the status of air pollution,which has important practical significance for urban or regional air environment monitoring and prevention.This paper takes Shijiazhuang,a key air pollution city in the Taihang Mountains,as the research area,and the research time scale is from July 2018 to June 2019.Using numerical elevation data with a spatial resolution of 30m,combined with the city's air quality monitoring stations?national control points,provincial control points,and township stations?hourly PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂ and NO₂ air quality monitoring data,the area is monitored The points are divided into four types of monitoring:plain cities,plain villages,mountain cities,and mountain villages.For these four types,first analyze the spatial distribution differences between urban and rural air pollution in the region;then further analyze the differences between urban and rural time changes?year,week,and day?in the region;and then explore the factors that affect the main differences.Air pollution control and control provide some reference.The main research results include the following:?1?Differences in annual urban and rural air pollution characteristics.The urban and rural air pollution characteristics of Shijiazhuang are significantly different.The concentrations of PM_2.5.5 and PM₁₀0 in the plains are higher in rural areas than in cities,1.11 and 1.07 times higher,respectively.The concentrations of PM_2.5.5 and PM₁₀0 in mountainous cities are higher than those in rural areas,1.11 and 1.23 times higher,respectively.The concentration of SO₂ in urban areas is greater than that in rural areas.The plain area and mountain area are 1.09 and 1.32 times higher,respectively.The concentration of NO₂ in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas,which are 0.96and 1.48 times higher in plain and mountain areas,respectively.?2?Differences in seasonal air pollution characteristics between urban and rural areas.PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations showed different regional pollution characteristics in different seasons.In the plain area,the concentration of particulate matter(PM₁₀0 and PM_2.5)in rural areas is higher than that in cities in summer,autumn,and winter,and it is only higher in urban areas than in rural areas in spring;SO₂ is higher in rural areas than in cities only in winter;and NO₂ in autumn and winter.The season is more urban than rural.In mountainous areas,the concentrations of PM₁₀,SO₂,and NO₂ are higher in urban areas than in rural areas;PM_2.5.5 is higher in urban areas than in rural areas in spring,summer,and winter.In terms of urban-rural differences,most of the monitoring factors in the plain and mountain areas have the most significant urban-rural differences in winter and the smallest in summer.Among them,the particulate matter(PM_2.5.5 and PM₁₀)in different seasons has a difference in urban-rural concentration in all seasons in winter>autumn>spring>summer,and the difference between spring and winter seasons in mountain areas is greater than that in summer and autumn seasons;the difference between SO₂ and NO₂ in mountain areas is winter>Autumn>Spring>Summer,the difference of SO₂ in the plain area was spring>Summer>Autumn>Winter,and the difference of NO₂ in the plain area was Winter>Autumn>Summer>Spring.?3?Differences in urban and rural air pollution changes during the year.During the year,the concentrations of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂,and NO₂ in urban and rural areas of the monitoring areas were basically the same.The concentrations fluctuated from July to January and decreased from January to June.The degree of urban-rural difference is related to the change trend of concentration,and the degree of difference is more significant in the heating period than in the non-heating period.The degree of urban-rural difference of each monitoring factor reached the maximum around January and reached the minimum around July.From the perspective of pollution duration,there is no significant difference between urban and rural pollution duration of particulate matter(PM₁₀0 and PM_2.5);NO₂ is more pollution duration in mountain cities than in rural areas,and the urban and rural pollution duration in plain areas is the same.?4?Differences in characteristics of urban and rural air pollution changes during the week.During the week,the PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations in the urban and rural areas of the monitoring areas were basically the same,but the degree of urban-rural differences in each monitoring factor showed different characteristics at different time periods.The PM₁₀0 and PM_2.5.5 concentrations are relatively small between urban and rural areas on weekdays,and the differences between urban and rural areas on weekends are typical,with typical"weekend effects".Except for the NO₂ concentration week,the degree of urban-rural difference is relatively stable.PM₁₀,PM_2.5,and SO₂ can divide the degree of urban-rural difference into three phases:rising period,plateau period,and falling period.Each stage has different lengths due to different regions.?5?Differences in characteristics of urban and rural air pollution changes within the day.The daily PM₁₀,PM_2.5.5 and SO₂ concentrations in the urban and rural areas of the monitoring areas were basically the same,showing a"double peak and double valley"trend;while the NO₂ concentration showed a"single peak and single valley"trend.Each monitoring factor exhibits different pollution characteristics at different times.The particulate matter(PM₁₀0 and PM_2.5)is mainly rural pollution in the early morning to morning and evening to night in the plains,and urban pollution in the afternoon;urban pollution in the mountainous areas throughout the day.Mainly.The concentration of SO₂ and NO₂ in mountainous and plain areas is higher in urban areas than in rural areas throughout the day,and the difference between urban and rural SO₂during the day is significant,and the difference between urban and rural pollution decreases at night.NO₂ is more obvious in the early morning and evening,and the difference is smaller in the afternoon.From the perspective of pollution accumulation and diffusion effects,particulate matter(PM₁₀0 and PM_2.5)has higher cumulative pollution reduction,diffusion,or diffusion effects in rural areas of the plains than in cities throughout the day,and it shows different effects in different periods in mountainous areas.The accumulation and diffusion effects of urban and rural pollution in the SO₂ mountainous and plain areas are only lower in the afternoon than in the cities,and higher in the rest of the time.The diffusion rate and accumulation rate of NO₂ in mountainous and plain areas are lower than those in cities.?6?Suggestions on air pollution prevention and control in Shijiazhuang.Aiming at the characteristics of urban and rural air pollution in Shijiazhuang City,it is proposed to promote centralized heating in rural areas,promote clean energy,construct urban green belts,promote the comprehensive utilization of rural straw,strengthen the control of motor vehicles,rationally adjust traffic routes and methods,clarify grassroots responsibility systems,and improve the network Suggestions for a standardized environmental monitoring system,strengthening public environmental education,and raising citizens'awareness of environmental protection provide a reference for improving the air pollution situation in Shijiazhuang.