Study On The History Of Primary Battery's Practical Progress And Knowledge About Battery In The Late Qing Dynasty

The invention of battery in history has provided a reliable power supply for the development of electromagnetism and electrical appliances industry.Up to now,battery is still one of the important forms of power supply.With the second eastward spread of western learning,battery and its knowledge began to be introduced into China,which had a profound impact on the electrical industry and social development in the Late Qing dynasty.In this thesis,battery is placed in the whole of the telegraph system,and the prerequisite knowledge,mechanism and application of battery are taken as the framework to dig out the battery knowledge introduced into China from the microscopic perspective.On this basis,taking the development of western battery in the same period as the reference,the basic characteristics of battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty were extracted,and the formation reasons of the characteristics were preliminarily discussed.The purpose of this study is to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty,to provide a beneficial supplement for the study of the knowledge system of the telegram introduced in the Late Qing dynasty,and to provide a micro empirical case for the historical study of the second eastward spread of western learning.This thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research purpose and significance of this topic,the related research overview of previous studies on this topic,the problems to be solved,research ideas and research methods and so on.The second chapter mainly describes the formation of galvanic cell's early polarization thought and the logical and historical itinerary of invention of becquerel cell.This chapter is divided into three parts.In the first part,the invention history of galvanic battery is introduced.It includes the discovery of galvanic current,the history of the invention of the volt battery and the principle,structure and performance characteristics of the volt battery.In the second part,the formation,connotation and significance of galvanic cell's early polarization thought are introduced.It includes challenges in the development of volt metal contact theory in galvanic cells,Becquerel and the inner reason of the concept of galvanic cell polarization,the formation of acid-base polarization thought and the guidance to the improvement of galvanic cell performance.The third chapter mainly discusses the emergence of Daniel redox polarization theory and the invention of Daniel battery.On this basis,the process of Daniel battery's subsequent practical performance improvement is summarized.This chapter is divided into three parts.In the first part,the difficulty of the explanation of the polarization effect ofthe galvanic cell is explained.In the second part,the formation process of Daniel's redox polarization thought is introduced,and the structure,principle and performance of Daniel's battery are introduced.Finally,four kinds of typical practical batteries invented by the later generations on the basis of Daniel's battery architecture are introduced,and the structure,performance and improvement ideas of the four kinds of batteries are deeply analyzed.The fourth chapter clarifies the amount of battery knowledge from the scientific and technological works of the Late Qing dynasty,and makes an in-depth analysis from the perspective of the breadth,depth and accuracy of knowledge.On this basis,taking western battery knowledge as reference,this chapter extracts the basic features of the battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty.This chapter is divided into three parts.In the first part,the background information of the body and carrier of the battery knowledge's introduction in Late Qing dynasty is introduced,including Philosophical Almanac compiled by David Jerome MacGowan,Bo Wu Xin Bian compiled by Benjamin Hobson,GeWuRuMen by William Alexander Parsons Martin,Telegraph Epitomization compiled by Christian Adrian Schultz,and Electricity compiled by John Fryer.The second part classifies and analyzes the battery contents identified from the above five books in the categories of antecedent knowledge and battery knowledge.In the third part,the basicfeatures of the battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty are extracted by referring to the battery knowledge retained in the west at that time.The fifth chapter explores the initial reasons for the formation of the characteristics of battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty.In this chapter,the introduction of battery knowledge in the Late Qing dynasty is put into the historical background of the second eastward spread of western learning.Taking communication as the framework,this chapter analyzes the characteristics of the introduction of battery knowledge from the perspective of communication subject,carrier and audience.This paper aims to solve three problems.First,what battery knowledge did the west retain? They are solved in chapters two and three.Second question,what battery knowledge was introduced in the Late Qing dynasty? What are the characteristics? The two progressive questions are answered together in chapter four.The last question is why did the battery knowledge introduced in the Late Qing dynasty have these characteristics? In the conclusion of the fifth chapter,the reasons are analyzed.