Between The Officials And The Merchants:the Evolution Of The Main Body Of Yanchang Petroleum Development In The Late Qing Dynasty

This paper takes Yanchang Petroleum as the research object,and aims to discuss the evolution process and its causes of the development of modern petroleum industry in mainland China at the end of the Qing Dynasty.Due to the influence of different environments in different historical periods,as a whole,this oil development subject experienced the evolutionary trajectory from the official office to the commercial office in the late Qing Dynasty.The two main bodies have both the traditional and the modern nature,not only revealing the state and society.The gradual transformation of the concept of oil development also shows the trade-off between feudal bureaucrats and the national bourgeoisie's control over social resources.The social background of the government is the object of this article.When the Western powers infringe on China,the Shaanxi government and the people actively participate in the national rights protection movement.Its success marks the further realization of the local oil autonomy development,and then Government-led official development activities are gradually being carried out.This basic concept and practice content of oil mine development,such as factory infrastructure,technology introduction,operation management,etc.,is an effective attempt in China's early oil development.While the internal and external contradictions in the government-run system have become so difficult to operate,the business groups represented by local commercial enterprises have planned to do business with oil development,accompanied by the development of the main body of ideas from the government to the private sector,and put forward the emphasis on capital and technology.A new type of development mechanism for the core.However,the participation of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Qing government quickly interrupted this and caused this kind of local business activities to spread across the country;that is,the joint consortium of business organizations came into being,which is undoubtedly a cross.The result of the regional society's growing understanding of oil development is also due to the recognition of commercial oil during the Qing government's new constitutional constitution.The transformation of the main body of petroleum development from the official to the commercial in the late Qing Dynasty,and the development system from the government-led government-run system to the commercial system advocated by local and national enterprises.Its historical trajectory is the result of the internal and external synergy,and it is also the organization of all parties in the country and organizations of all walks of life.The result of the concept of natural resource development from conflict to adaptation.In the late Qing Dynasty,the government's investment in the oil industry,its purpose is to consolidate the self-control area,or to resist the monopoly of foreign oil on the local fuel market,and the province's efforts to promote the origin of China's oil industry,and then laid the premise for its progress in each stage.And the gentry class with the traditional political character,its strong feelings of homeland in the gradual loss of credibility of the Qing government involved in oil development,will inevitably arouse the nationwide wave of resistance.However,the transformation of the main body is only a means to regulate the development direction and rhythm of the petroleum industry.Only by clarifying the social factors of this change can we clarify the problems and their causes and solutions in the fields of social and economic development and organizational construction of petroleum and other countries.