Study On Ecological Compensation Of The Songhua River Basin

The Songhua River stretches for several miles and flows through Inner Mongolia,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.It is the largest tributary of Heilongjiang in China,but its economic significance far exceeds that of Heilongjiang.The Songhua River is the founder of the Sanjiang Plain.Whether it is providing irrigation water for agricultural development in the Northeast in the early stage of economic development,or providing production and domestic water for economic growth at this stage,Songhua River plays an important role.However,in the 40 years of heavy industry development in Northeast China,whether the glory of the 1960 s and 1970 s or the revitalization of the Northeast industry after the 16 th National Congress,the rapid development of the economy was accompanied by the deterioration and pollution of the water environment.In 2005,the workshop of Jilin Petrochemical Company exploded.About 100 tons of benzene substances flowed into the Songhua River,causing serious pollution incidents in the rivers,causing conflicts of interest between Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province in the upper and lower reaches of the Songhua River.The contradiction between investment and unequal interests in river basin management is prominent.Inner Mongolia and Jilin are the birthplaces of the two major sources of Songhua River.The main tasks are to conserve water sources and maintain water and soil.As the downstream province of Heilongjiang,while enjoying the ecological environment restoration of the upstream water source and the river channel management results,it should also be active.Cope with efforts to achieve synergy between economic development and ecological protection between upstream and downstream provinces,and harmony between people and ecology.The basin water ecosystem is an ecosystem with high correlation and strong overall stability.Therefore,from this perspective,the protection of the water environment needs to proceed from the integrity of the basin,and coordinate the resources and strength of the upstream and downstream provinces.Break through the limitations of traditional administrative main divisions and establish a cross-regional water environment compensation mechanism.Based on the domestic and international watershed ecological compensation mechanisms,standards and compensation models,this paper uses the date envelopment analysis method to study the efficiency of economic policies implemented by the three provinces and regions in an independent state.Through the ecological protection input and output of the three provinces in Heilongjiang,Jilin and Inner Mongolia,the performance of water pollution control policies in the three provinces was analyzed.It was found that in the three provinces,the efficiency of input funds was not high in most years,and the efficiency of input andoutput was not realized.Excellent,there is still room for improvement.On this basis,the ecological footprint model is used to construct the ecological compensation model of the basin.The overload index and compensation coefficient are determined by calculating the carrying capacity and consumption of water resources in the Songhua River Basin to quantify the ecological compensation standards of each province in the basin,and then calculate the three provinces.The amount of compensation paid or enjoyed.The model results show that the ecological overload index of Inner Mongolia and Jilin in the upstream area is positive,while the overload index of Heilongjiang Province in the downstream area is negative,and there is obviously a spatial imbalance.Therefore,the downstream province of Heilongjiang should make compensation.Heilongjiang needs to pay 6.602 billion yuan in compensation to the upstream cities,while the upper Inner Mongolia and Jilin provinces should receive compensation of 176 million yuan and 2.304 billion yuan respectively.On this basis,based on the current research and practice status of inter-provincial watershed ecological compensation,combined with the actual investment in the Songhua River Basin in the three provinces,the problems arising in the current ecological compensation process are discussed and practical improvement schemes are proposed.