| Objectives To describe the situation of air pollution,the characteristics of air pollutants and meteorological factors in Shijiazhuang City in the period from 2013 to 2017,and analyze the differences of the outpatient visits of children’s respiratory system influented by air pollutants in heating and non-heating seasons,different seasons,and temperature ranges.Methods The data of meteorological factors,air pollutants concentrations and the outpatient visits of Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province in Shijiazhuang City from January 1,2013 to December 31,2017 was collected.The data of air pollutants,meteorological factors and the outpatient visits of children’s respiratory system in Shijiazhuang City was described by descriptive analysis method.Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations among air pollutants(PM10,PM2.5,SO2 and NO2),meteorological factors（temperature and relative humidity）and the outpatient visits of respiratory diseases in children.A generalized additive model（GAM）was established by using time-series analysis method to analyze the effects of air pollutants on the outpatient visits of children’s respiratory diseases,and to quantitatively evaluate the effects of air pollution on children’s respiratory system.Results 1.During from 2013 to 2017 in Shijiazhuang City,descriptive analysis showed that the average temperature was 14.70℃,the relative humidity was 56.29%,and the average concentrations of PM10,PM2.5,SO2 and NO2 were 195.03μg/m3,107.13μg/m3,56.99μg/m3 and 54.81μg/m3 in Shijiazhuang City from 2013 to 2017.Among them,PM10and PM2.5.5 exceeded the national II limits of Chinese ambient air quality standerds(PM10:150μg/m3;PM2.5:75μg/m3).The results of monthly variation analysis of air pollutants showed that the highest concentrations of air pollutants were in January and December.2.Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the number of pediatric respiratory outpatients and PM2.5/SO2/NO2,with correlation coefficient of 0.097/0.336/0.130,and were negative correlations among the number of pediatric respiratory outpatients,temperature and relative humidity,with correlation coefficient of-0.462 and-0.170.Addionally,there were correlations between air pollutants concentrations and meteorological factors.3.The different single pollutant models showed that an increase of 10μg/m3 of PM10（lag0）,PM2.5（lag0）,SO2（lag04）and NO2（lag02）corresponded to increase of 0.11%（95%CI:0.06%0.15%）,0.21%（95%CI:0.14%0.27%）,0.49%（95%CI:0.23%0.74%）and 0.60%（95%CI:0.33%0.86%）in the outpatient respiratory volume of children.4.The effect of air pollutants on outpatient resperitary volume of children in heating and non-heating seasons was analized by time-series analysis.In non-heating season,the effects of PM10,PM2.5,SO2 and NO2 on the outpatient respiratory volume of children reached the maximum at lag04,lag0,lag03 and lag05,with the increase of 10ug/m3 in concentration,the outpatient respiratory volume of children increased by 0.23%（95%CI:0.09%0.37%）,0.33%（95%CI:0.17%0.49%）,1.38%（95%CI:0.77%1.99%）and 3.20%（95%CI:2.44%3.97%）,respectively.In the heating season,there was no significance in the effect of increased air pollutant concentrations on the outpatient respiratory volume of children.5.Seasonal stratification showed that the effects of PM10,PM2.5.5 and SO2 on the outpatient respiratory volume of children were the highest in summer.With the increase of 10ug/m3 in concentration,the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system increased by 0.28%（95%CI:0.12%0.44%）,0.42%（95%CI:0.17%0.69%）,0.86（95%CI:0.08%1.63%）.The effects of NO2 were the highest in winter（ER=1.03,95%CI:0.25%1.81%）.In spring,the effect of air pollutants was low and there was no statistical significance.6.Temperature stratification showed that PM10,PM2.5,SO2 and NO2 had a positive effect on the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system at normal temperature（4.7824.40°C）,high temperature（24.4029.30°C）and ultra-high temperature（29.3034.70°C）,and had the greatest effect at ultra-high temperature.The outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system increased by 0.14%,0.41%,6.80%and 2.31%with the increase of concentration of10ug/m3,respectively,and the effects were negative at low temperature（-2.104.78°C）and ultra-low temperature（-10.20-2.10°C）.However,there was no significant difference in the effects of air pollutants in different temperature ranges.7.The multi-pollutant models showed that the correlation between PM10/SO2/NO2 and the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system decreased after adjusting co-existing pollutants,and the analysis result was even no statistical significance（P>0.05）.After introducing SO2 and/or NO2,the correlation between PM2.5.5 and the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system decreased slightly,and increased with the adjustment of other pollutants,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions 1.The air pollution in Shijiazhuang City was serious in 20132017,and the increase of air pollutant concentration lead to the increase of the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system.2.Compared with the heating season,the effect of air pollutants on the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system was higher in the non-heating season.3.There were obvious seasonal differences in the effect of air pollutants on the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system,which showed the characteristics of effect was high in summer and low in spring.4.In high temperature weather,the effect of air pollutants on the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system was greater than that of low temperature weather,which indicated that there was modification effect in the effect of air pollution on the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system.5.The correlation between the outpatient volume of children’s respiratory system and PM10/SO2/NO2 was not stable,while the correlation was stable with PM2.5.Figure7;Table8;Reference 56... |
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