The Influence Of Air Pollutants On Cardiovascular And Cerebrovascular、Respiratory Diseases And Death In Nanjing

Objectives（1）Expound the characteristics of air pollution in nanjing.（2）Explore the difference in the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular,respiratory disease of residents with different levels of air pollution in Nanjing.（3）Explore the influence of air pollutions on the mortality risk of residents in Nanjing.Methods（1）Questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the status of disease in residents with different levels of air pollution.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the differences in risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascvlar,respiratory disease of residents with different exposure levels of air pollution.（2）Collect air pollution data,meteorological data and causes of death in Nanjing city from 2013 to 2016,and explore the effects of different air pollutants on the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascvlar,respiratory death.Results（1）From January 1,2013 to December 31,2016.The annual average mass concentration of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,CO,SO₂,NO₂,O_3-1h and O_3-8h were 106.1μg/m³,62.1μg/m³,45.6μg/m³,1.0mg/m³,25.1μg/m³,86.0μg/m³ and 94.3μg/m³.During the four years,the overall level of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,NO₂ and SO₂ showed a downward trend,but the average concentration of PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and NO₂ was still higher than the national secondary standard.CO showed a downward trend before spring 2015,and it was on the rise after spring 2015.The influence of meteorological factors on air pollution:air pressure is negatively correlated with PM₁₀,PM_2.5,CO and SO₂,and is positively correlated with NO₂,O_3-1h and O_3-8h.The temperature was negatively correlated with PM₁₀,PM_2.5,NO₂,CO and SO₂,and positively correlated with O_3-1h and O_3-8h.Relative humidity was negatively correlated with PM₁₀,PM_2.5,NO₂,SO₂,O_3-1h and O_3-8h.Annual average air pollutants concentration comparison of Jiangning and Chemical industrial park:PM₁₀,NO₂,CO,SO₂,O_3-1h and O_3-8h of Chemical industrial park in average quality level was higher than that of Jiangning,the monitoring of PM_2.5 in average quality level was higher than that of Jiangning.PM_2.5 comparison of Jiangning and Chemical industrial park:PAHs:Fluorene,Anthracene,Fluoranthene,Pyrene,Benzo（a）anthracene,Benzo（b）fluoranthene,Benzo（k）fluoranthene,Dibenzo（a,h）anthracene,and Indeno（1,2,3-cd）pyrene of Jiangning were less than that of Chemical industrial park.Heavy metal:the average concentration of Al and Cr in Jiangning were higher than that in Chemical industrial park,while the average concentration of Cd,Mn,Ni and Mo in Chemical industrial park were higher than that in Jiangning.Ions:The average concentration of sulfates(SO₄^2-),chloride ions（CL^-）and ammonium salts(NH⁴⁺)in Chemical industrial park were higher than that in Jiangning.（2）There was no difference in gender composition between jiangning district and Chemical industrial park in Nanjing,and there were statistical differences in age distribution.By standardizing eliminate the differences in age structure,and then compare the prevalence,found that long-term living in place with heavy level of air pollution,such as Chemical industrial park,the two-week prevalence of two weeks total disease,respiratory disease,cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease of residents,are higher than that of Jiangning.Through multivariate Logistic regression analysis,the residents in the Chemical industrial park were found to be higher in disease risk than that in Jiangning,OR value were 5.934,4.972 and 7.824 respectively.This suggests that long-term living in areas with high levels of air pollution may increase the risk of caidiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Therefore,It is urgent to control air pollution and protect the health of residents.（3）NO₂,SO₂ and O₃ are related to non-accidental deaths of residents in Nanjing.NO₂cumulative lag2 days,SO₂ cumulative lag3 days.O_3-1h single lag2 days,O_3-8h cumulative lag2days,their effects of residents of accident total death when estimate is the largest,respectively is 1.046%（95%CI:0.507%¹.586%）,95%（95%CI:1.538%³.066%）,95%（95%CI:0.062%⁰.459%）,95%（95%CI:0.070%⁰.768%）.SO₂ and O_3-1h are realted to residents’respiratory disease deaths.When SO₂ cumulative lag3 days and O_3-1h single lag2 days,the respiratory diseases deaths’effect estimates were maximum,the largest estimates respectively were 3.398%（95%CI:1.255%⁵.546%）and 95%（95%CI:0.015%¹.198%）.PM_2.5,NO₂,SO₂,CO,O₃,O_3-8h and O_3-1h are related to the death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.When on the day of PM_2.5 and CO,the cumulative lag1 day of NO₂ and 3 days of SO₂,O_3-1h and O_3-8h all cumulative lag2 days in respectively,they had the largest effect estimates on the death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.It respectively was0.282%（95%CI:0.005%⁰.559%）,1.103%（95%CI:0.380%¹.827%）,2.302%（95%CI:1.538%³.066%）,36.657%（95%CI:6.860%⁶7.336%）,0.713%（95%CI:0.259%¹.167%）and 0.777%（95%CI:0.241%¹.313%）.But in double pollutant model,when each pollutant respectively after the introduction of other pollutants,and residents of accident total death associated with significant change,but change trend,some still statistically significant change,some change no longer statistically significant.ConclutionsLong-term living in areas with high levels of air pollution may increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular,respiratory disease.NO₂,SO₂ and O₃ can increase the risk of the accident total death.SO₂ and O_3-1h can increase the risk of respiratory disease death.PM_2.5,NO₂,SO₂,CO,O₃,O_3-8h and O_3-1h can increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths,all have a certain dose effect relationship.