The Impact Of Environmental Regulation On Employment:Analysis Of The Difference Between Head-governance And End-pipe Treatment

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago,especially after the reform and opening up,the Chinese economy has experienced rapid growth for a long period of time,and people's lives have continued to improve.However,with the development of large-scale industrialization,China's pollution problems have become more and more serious.As the public's demand for environmental quality improvement has become stronger and stronger,the government's understanding of sustainable economic development has become more and more profound,and the intensity of China's environmental regulation has also increased.Not only has it improved the environment to a certain extent,but it has also had a certain impact on the level of social employment.By reviewing the existing literature,environmental regulation can be divided into head-governance treatment and end-pipe treatment.The local static equilibrium model and the producer model are used to analyze the overall impact of environmental regulation on employment and the micro-mechanism of different environmental regulations affecting employment.Then it analyzes the status quo of head-governance treatment and end-pipe treatment in China.The environmental performance of governance was compared and analyzed.Finally,the panel data of 120 key cities nationwide from 2002 to 2015 were used to empirically analyze the impact of different environmental regulations on employment in China.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)China's environmental regulation have undergone a transition from head-governance treatment to end-pipe treatment.Compared with end-of-pipe treatment,head-governance treatment has obvious advantages in terms of control effects,resource utilization and economic benefits.From 2002 to 2015,the average ratio of pollutant control and emission reductions to pollutant production and emissions in China's 120 key cities reached 9% and 17%,respectively,environmental performance of the head-governance treatment and the end-pipe treatment were significant.The amount of pollutant control is greater than the emission reduction,indicating that head-governance treatment is a more effective means of reducing pollutant emissions.(2)The influence of the intensity of head-governance treatment on the labor demand of industrial enterprises becomes a “positive U-shaped” relationship.At present,most cities in China are still at the left end of the U-shaped curve.(3)There is a positive interaction between head-governance treatment and end-pipe treatment.Head-governance treatment can affect employment by affecting end-pipe treatment.When the current head-governance treatment strength increases,it will reduce the suppression of end-pipe treatment on employment.Finally,this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions about optimization of environmental regulation,technology innovation of enterprises and environmental talent training.