| With the development of science and technology,the use efficiency of clean fuels and renewable resources is constantly improving,and environmental awareness is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.But the World Health Organization data in2018 shows that the global air pollution problem is still serious,with pollution in Asia and Africa being more serious and concentrated in countries with lower income levels.Since the reform and opening up,China's industry has developed rapidly and its economic scale has continued to expand.The development of pollution-intensive industries has made the contradiction between resource environment and economic development increasingly prominent.The traditional production methods that pursue economic benefits have led to various environmental problems and the reduction of regional ecological carrying capacity.The tension between man and land has restricted the process of China's modernization.Shandong Province is China's major industrial province,large population,energy-consuming and pollutant emission province.The industrial structure is dominated by heavy industry,and the proportion of pollution-intensive industries is relatively large.Therefore,studying the spatial evolution characteristics and ecological efficiency response is of great significance for transforming the development mode and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.The study defines pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province based on the total amount and intensity of pollution emissions,using location entropy,deviation-share analysis,Gini coefficient and other methods to summarize the spatial evolution law of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province.By the ultra-efficient SBM model method based on undesired industries,measuring the ecological efficiency of Shandong Province,and panel data through multiple regression model to explore the effects of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province and spatial evolution mechanism based on the response of eco-efficiency.Finally,based on the results of previous research,the countermeasures for optimizing the space of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province are proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The growth rate of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Provinceshowed a rapid growth and fluctuated downward trend from 2000 to 2016,accounting for 40%-50% of the industrial sector.Among them,chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing,non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,pharmaceutical manufacturing,ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industries accounted for a significant upward trend in the proportion of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province,the rest of the industry is showing a downward or steady trend.In addition to chemical fiber manufacturing,the other nine types of pollution-intensive industries are competitive in the country,but there are five types of industries with poor industrial structure and need to be adjusted.The spatial evolution of pollution-intensive industries showed a first-distribution and post-aggregation situation.The Gini coefficient increased from 0.389 in 2000 to 0.504 in 2004 and then fell to 0.387 in 2016.Because of its relatively stable industrial share,consider the situation of industrial transfer in the province.The three industries of textile,paper and paper products,chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing are gathering,the other three industries of extractive industry,petroleum processing,coking and nuclear fuel processing industry,and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry have shown a first spread and then gathered trend,and the rest four industries have shown a diffusion trend.The spatial distribution of pollution-intensive industries in the seventeen cities of Shandong Province is Central > West > East.Most areas of western and southern Shandong have gathered more pollution-intensive industries,accounting for a large proportion of local industries and need to improve the irrational industrial structure.(2)Various factors have different effects on the spatial evolution of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province.Labor cost and path dependence have a significant positive impact on pollution-intensive industries,Scientific and technological innovation and environmental regulation have a restraining effect on pollution-intensive industries by improving pollution control levels and environmental taxes,environmental regulation,international trade,and infrastructure are relatively weak in areas with a small proportion of pollution-intensive industries.(3)The ecological efficiency of Shandong Province showed a rapid decline and then slowly increased from 1.228 in 2000 to 0.477 in 2007 and rose to 0.608 in 2016.Similar to the overall trend of Shandong Province,the ecological efficiency of most prefecture-level cities has been reduced to varying degrees.The coefficient of variation of eco-efficiency increased from 0.240 in 2000 to 0.360 in 2016,and inter-provincial differences in the mainland city increased.The ecological efficiencyof the seventeen cities in Shandong Province shows a trend of high east and low west.The eastern part of Qingdao and Weihai City has relatively high ecological efficiency,and most of the areas with low ecological efficiency and large decline are located in the western part of Shandong Province,the ecological environment pressure is increasing year by year.(4)Analyzing the eco-efficiency response of pollution-intensive industries through different time periods,the study found that the proportion of pollution-intensive industries to GDP and environmental regulation have a significant negative impact on ecological efficiency.Technological innovation and economic level have a significant positive impact on ecological efficiency.With the change of time,the level of urbanization changed from ecological efficiency promotion to inhibition,and the industrial structure and ecological efficiency in the early stage were significantly negatively correlated.The negative impact of globalization on ecological efficiency was stronger in the later period.(5)According to the spatial evolution law of pollution-intensive industries and the impact mechanism of ecological efficiency response summarized in the previous research,the spatial optimization countermeasures of pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province are proposed.In most parts of Shandong Province and pollution-intensive industries,there are problems of unreasonable industrial structure.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen technological innovation,learn advanced technology and production experience,and adjust regional industrial structure.Guide industrial space to reorganize,reduce pollution to the environment,and promote cleaner production.Establish the concept of ecological civilization,form a regional ecological and cultural system,respect the law of natural development,establish environmental economic policies of market mechanisms,improve regional government regulation,and coordinate the sustainable development of economy,ecology and society.The research has the following innovations: On the one hand,it has identified the pollution-intensive industries in Shandong Province and explored the evolutionary characteristics of time and space,and from the perspective of traditional geography and new economic geography,the mechanism of spatial evolution of pollution-intensive industries at the provincial level was explored.On the other hand,it combines pollution-intensive industries with ecological efficiency to analyze the response of ecological efficiency to pollution-intensive industries at different time periods.Research has important practical significance for promoting the upgrading of industrial structure in Shandong Province,adjusting the layout of industrial space,andrealizing the coordination of human-land relations. |
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