| At present,China's tourism industry is developing rapidly.The environmental,economic and social impacts brought about by tourism development have attracted the attention of many scholars.However,there is a lack of research on the comprehensive impact of tourism development on tourism destinations from the perspective of change of ecosystem service values.In fact,tourism development is an important way to provide tourism ecosystem service values,with significant value-added effects.This study constructs a model of changes of mountain-type tourist destination ecosystem service values,and selects the world natural and cultural heritage site—Huangshan Scenic Area as a case to took empirical analysis.Huangshan Scenic Area provides many ecosystem services such as water supply,climate regulation,leisure recreation and so on.However,there has been a lack of assessment of ecosystem service values at a long-term scale.Through several field investigations and interviews,this study used the ecosystem service function value calculation method,selected the year of 2005,2010 and 2015 respectively,and analyzed the dynamic changes of ecosystem service value of Huangshan Scenic Area during 2005-2015.This paper argues that:(1)Under the tourism development,ecosystem service values of tourist destinations have increased rapidly over the years,and the spatial differentiation is significant.In terms of inter-annual growth,the total value of ecosystem services in Huangshan Scenic Area increased by 2.534 billion yuan from 2005 to 2015,with a relative increase of 107.42%.Among them,the value of providing,regulating and cultural services all showed an increasing trend,but the value of cultural services increased more apparently,its absolute increase was 2.027 billion yuan,a relative increase of 215.18%.The average annual growth rate of ecosystem services is 352 million yuan/a,of which the average annual growth rate of cultural services is 203 million yuan/a.In terms of spatial differentiation,between 2005 and 2015,the total value of ecosystem services and the value of providing,regulating and cultural services continued to grow in both the core area and the buffer zone,but the value of providing and regulating services in the core area was always far less than the buffer zone,and its cultural service value is always greater than the buffer zone.The annual average unit area ecosystem service value increment in the core area is 5621.68 yuan hm-2a-1,significantly higher than the buffer area of 3,321.62 yuan hm-2a-1.(2)The change of ecosystem service value of mountain-type tourism destinations is driven by both human and natural factors.Human factors include tourism development,land use change and protection policy.Natural factors include natural disasters and climate change.Among the human factors,tourism development can be further divided into four aspects:ecology,economy,culture and institutional development.These four aspects have complex interactions and affect the ecological environment,land use and tourism income of tourism destinations,thus further affect the value of providing,regulating,and cultural services,and drive changes in the total value of ecosystem services.Land use change will directly affect the composition of the tourism ecosystem.Whether the protection policy is strong or weak,and the effectiveness of protection will directly affect the stable supply of tourism ecosystem services.Natural factors,such as earthquakes,fires,floods,and insect disasters,often cause great damage to the tourism ecosystem.And climate change has gradually become a factor that can not be ignored influencing the effective supply of ecosystem services.(3)Tourism development is the most important driving force for the increase of tourism ecosystem service values,which has a significant value-added effect.During the decade of 2005-2015,the land use change in Huangshan Scenic Area was small(the rate of land use change was less than 1%),and it did not encounter all kinds of serious natural disasters,and the climate change was not significant.However,in this context,the tourism industry in Huangshan Scenic Area has developed rapidly and the value of ecosystem services has increased significantly.The continuous increase in the value of tourism and leisure services has become the primary factor driving the value-added of ecosystem services in Huangshan Scenic Area.By 2015,the value of core tourism and buffer tourism services accounted for 79%and 49%respectively.Tourism development has become the most important driving force for the value added of the ecosystem system in Huangshan Scenic Area. |
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