Research On Air Pollution And Its Control In Britain (1950-2000)

As one of the most polluted countries,England now is one of the countries with cleanest air in the world.The air pollution claims a long period of its history.It could be dated back from 13th to 14th century.But air pollution really catch attention of the public was after The Great Industry Revolution.And it gained its first progress in the later twentieth century.English goes through two kinds of air pollution in half century.First is pollution of coal-smoke kind before 80s in the 20^thh century,second is automobile exhaust and photochemical smog after 80s.London toxic smog event causes a tremendous shockwave among the public in1952.Because of that,English government get down to put comprehensive governance in air pollution.Many households and industries use coal as their source of energy,so the main kind of its air pollution is coal-smoke kind.The consumption of new fossil fuel oil was tremendously higher than before because of the amount of automobile starts to grow quickly after 80s in 20^thh century.Coal-smoke of production use and daily use before 80s and automobile exhaust is nightmare to human's health and natural environment.Both coal-smoke and automobile exhaust is consists by lots of sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,nitric oxide and many other toxic substance.And these toxic substance is very harmful to infant,the old and other people who is easily to get infected by respiratory disease.In order to deal with this kind of severe problem,English government gives further response to it.Environment law is main solution of its air pollution before 80s in 20^thcentury.After that,the black coal caused smoke is basically gone.But the new kind of pollution is rising,so to fight this new kind of pollution English government adopt administrative intervention,economical regulation and control,public participation and technological innovation besides the old environment law to make this air pollution to disappear.Under the multiple solutions going in the same direction,every pollution index of breathing air is lower than before.And English gain much progress in terms of air quality.English win the battle of air quality and get much better air than before after half century of governance from 1950 to 2000.And take bird's perspective in the English50 years of air pollution governance,you can find three features.First,abandon the end-of-pipe treatment pattern from origin of legislation based on the principle of law;Second,encourage people to care environment through education;Third,insist on the cooperation among government,enterprises,and the public,under the help of technology to achieve cooperation of multiple party and governance under many ways.The success of battle between English and its air pollution happened in the 80s of 20^thh century tells people a meaningful truth.Effectiveness of air pollution governance is closely related to full play of government leading role,enterprises and the public participation,and law,economy,technology.