Research On Institutionalization Of Modern Meteorology In China

Ancient China had rich accumulation of meteorological knowledge,but the understanding of meteorological phenomena had remained at the empirical stage,and rigorous scientific system had not been formed.It was not until the introduction of Western science into China in the Ming and Qing dynasties that meteorology began to sprout,and China gradually established Department of Meteorology.Discipline institutionalization mainly studies the process of how a discipline is structured and developed.The formation and development history of modern meteorological disciplines need to be systematically combed and studied from the perspective of institutionalization in order to clarify the institutionalization process of modern Chinese meteorological disciplines,answer the birth,development,and influencing factors of modern meteorology in China.This is also conducive to grasping the path of its academic accumulation,grasping and improving the further development of the discipline on the basis of summing up historical experience.This article collects the materials of education,scientific research,characters,journals of Nanjing University Archives,Qinghua University Archives,China Second Historical Archives,etc.,and focuses on the five elements of discipline institutionalization: education,research,academics,academic communities,and academics.The study analyzes the background,basic process,phase division and influencing factors of the establishment of modern Chinese meteorological disciplines,summarizes its development context and phase characteristics,discusses the complete process of modern institutionalization of disciplines,and summarizes the motivation of its development.Article research content is divided into four parts.Firstly,the article analyzes the breeding and budding background of modern Chinese meteorological discipline,and points out that although ancient China had the world's leading meteorological heritage,it stagnated in the Ming and Qing dynasties.At the same time,the western meteorological discipline of scientific institutionalization has begun.With the introduction of western meteorological science in the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese began to accept and actively study,so that modern meteorological discipline could sprout in China.Secondly,the article gives a longitudinal overview and analysis of the relevant elements included in the institutionalization of meteorological discipline,and systematically studies the evolution process of each element from the initial stage to its expanded development.Among them,meteorological education is the cornerstone of discipline development,scientific research institutions provide academic guarantees,professional meteorologists are the discipline leaders,meteorological society of academic group and meteorological journals of academic exchange positions are the academic exchange platforms.These five organizational elements interact and promote each other,and they have driven the completion and improvement of the institutionalization of Chinese meteorological discipline together.Thirdly,starting from the event itself,through the selection of landmark events,the start time and phase division of institutionalization of modern meteorological discipline in China are clarified,and the characteristics of institutionalization at different stages are summarized through the analysis and review of events.Its organizational process can be divided into three stages,namely the starting stage from 1862 to 1927,the basic completion from 1928 to 1943,and the transformation and upgrading from 1944-1952.Finally,based on the study of the overall structure of modern Chinese meteorological discipline,the article analyzes the internal and external factors that influence the development of the discipline,so as to recognize the interactive relationship between the influencing factors such as social environment,industry needs,internal motivation and modern meteorological discipline.This article is a systematic study of the institutionalization of modern Chinese meteorological disciplines.On the one hand,it analyzes the five major elements in the process of discipline establishment.On the other hand,it divides the different stages of discipline establishment,and summarizes the landmark events of discipline establishment.The process of establishing and transforming modern meteorology to modern atmospheric science is described in detail and accurately,with a view to answering how the modern meteorological discipline was established and mature,and to answer the main driving force of this process.