Study On The Structure And Diversity Of Summer Bird Community In Southern Section Of Eastern Slope In Taihang Mountains,Hebei

In order to reveal the bird community structure and diversity in the southern section of eastern slope in Taihang Mountains,Hebei province,bird community was investigated by the line transect method in the summer of 2019.The main contents are as follows:(1)Bird community compositionA total of 39,492 individuals and 113 species were recorded in the study area,which belong to 16 orders,39 families and 79 genera.The dominant species was sparrow(Passer montanus).Most of the bird were Palearctic species,and the resident and summer migratory birds were majority.One species belongs to State Key Protected Animals in Class-?,namely black stork(Ciconia nigra),There are twelve species belong to State Key Protected Animals in Class-II,namely mandarin duck(Aix galericulata),crested eastern honey buzzard(Pernis ptilorhynchus),sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus),goshawk(Accipiter gentilis),white-tailed eagle(Circus cyaneus)and so on.Twelve species were listed in Appendices ? of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,one Vulnerable species and one Near Threatened species included in the red list published by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources,they were,field bunting(Emberiza rustica)and quail(Coturnix japonica).(2)Spatial distribution of bird communities in different regionsThere were 65 species in Shijiazhuang,84 species in Xingtai and 85 species in Handan,Sparrow are dominant species in different regions.The Shannon-Wiener index and species encounter rate of bird community had significant difference(P < 0.05),evenness,individual encounter rate and the diversity of family and genus had no significant difference(P > 0.05),the Shannon-Wiener index,evenness and species encounter rate in Xingtai were the highest,individual encounter rate in Handan was the highest and the diversity of family and genus in Shijiazhuang was the highest.There were high similarity of bird communities in different survey regions.(3)Bird community characteristics of different habitatsIn different habitats,the species number in the artificial economic forest was the highest(56),and in the wild grass was the lowest(22).The dominant species in shrub was brown crows(Paradoxornis webbianus),while in other habitats were sparrow.The number of bird species which only distributed in one habitat was highest in natural forest(5),village had no species that only distributed in it.The Shannon-Wiener index,evenness,species encounter rate,individual encounter rate and the diversity of family and genus had highly significant differences(P < 0.01)in different habitats,the Shannon-Wiener index of natural forest was the highest,the evenness of reservoir was the highest,the individual encounter rate of villiage was the highest,the species encounter rate of river was the highest and the diversity of family and genus of wild grass was the highest.The highest similarity of S?rensen was between natural forest and artificial economic forest,and there was also a high similarity among artificial economic forest,artificial green forest and natural forest.(4)Bird community characteristics in different habitats of different regionsIn different habitats of Shijiazhuang,the number of species in artificial economic forest was the highest(35).The dominant species was brown crow in brush,gray magpie in artificial green forest and sparrow in other habitats.The number of bird species which only distributed in one habitat was highest in river(7).In different habitats of Xingtai,the number of species in natural forest was the highest(36).The dominant species was brown crow finch in shrub,wild grass and artificial economic forest,white wagtail in river and sparrows in other habitats.The number of bird species which only distributed in one habitat was highest in river(11).In different habitats of Handan,the number of species in artificial economic forest was the highest(43).The dominant species was red billed blue magpie in river,house swallow in reservoir and sparrow in other habitats.The number of bird species which only distributed in one habitat was highest in reservoir(7).The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of bird community had highly significant differences(P < 0.01)in different habitats of different regions.The species encounter rate,individual encounter rate and the diversity of family and genus had highly significantdifferences(P < 0.01)in different habitats of Shijiazhuang and Handan,while the species encounter rate,individual encounter rate and the diversity of family and genus had no significant difference(P > 0.05)in different habitats of Xingtai.The Shannon-Wiener index of bird communities in natural forest and artificial economic forest of each regions was the highest,while river had the highest bird species encounter rate,and the village had the highest bird individual encounter rate.(5)Impact of different habitats on bird communitieThe individual encounter rate is significantly and extremely positively correlated with village and farmland,but significantly negatively correlated with natural forests.The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of bird community were significantly and extremely negatively correlated with village and farmland,but significantly positively correlated with natural forest.Principal component analysis of the impact of different habitats on bird communities showed that artificial environment is the main factor affecting the composition of bird community in Taihang Mountains,Hebei province.This indicates that the artificial environment is still the main habitat type that dominates bird communities.Therefore,in terms of birds as important indicators of the ecological environment,the natural succession of vegetation and the protection of ecological environment in the southern section of the eastern slope of the Taihang Mountains,Hebei province still have a long way to go.