Species Diversity Of Butterfly In Badagongshan National Nature Reserve

Protected areas,as an important part of ecosystem protection strategy,have always been a focus of biodiversity conservation research.Butterflies are rich in species and widely distributed.They are sensitive to environmental pressures.And they are highly suitable for monitoring the health and diversity of ecosystems.The butterfly community in BaDaGongShan National Nature Reserve(BDGS)were studied based on samples collected in Five habitat types: Shrub forest(SF),Evergreen broadleaf forest(EBF),Mixed broadleaf forest(MBF),Deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF)and Mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest(MCBF).Based on the theory and analysis methods of biodiversity,the vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics of butterflies were clarified.The main results are as follows:(1)Species description and faunal analysis of butterflies191 species of 6164 butterflies belonging to 107 genera of 5 families were recorded.Nymphalidae(100 species)owned the largest number of species,followed by Hesperiidae(32 species),Lycaenidae(28 species),Papilionidae(19 species),and Pieridae(12 species).Most of individuals were belonging to the family Pieridae(30.69%),and then followed by Nymphalidae(28.18%),Papilionidae(21.43%),Lycaenidae(12.13%),Hesperiidae(7.56%).Additionally,The species rank abundance fits a logarithmic series distribution.Small numbers of most species were recorded,including 31 only once and 83 species ?5 times.The three most abundant species were Pieris melete Ménétriés,1857 followed by Eurema hecabe(Linnaeus,1758),Papilio bianor Cramer,[1778],contributing 9.72%,6.81% and 5.55% of all individuals,respectively.Reviewing the related research of butterflies,the completed butterflies list of BDGS were established.The result of faunal analysis show,68.73% species came from the Oriental region.(2)Characteristics of butterfly community in different habitatsThe butterfly community of low-altitude habitat(SF and EBF)had the highest diversity index.Its dominant groups were subfamily Popilioninae(SF: 25.89;EBF: 36.61%).At high-altitude habitat(DBF and MCBF),the subfamily Pierinae was dominant groups(DBF: 48.38%;MCDF: 51.14%).Butterfly community of mid-altitude habitat had the highest evenness index,not obvious dominant groups(Popilioninae: 17.79%;Pierinae: 15.10%).In addition,the results of similarity analysis show,the high proportion of shared species(more than 59%),the relative frequencies of these species were not the same.(3)Monthly dynamics of butterfly communityDuring the investigation,the monthly variation of butterfly community in the reserve showed obvious seasonality.From April to June,the richness,abundance and diversity index of butterfly community increased gradually.It usually peaked in July and gradual decline from August to September.There were strongly correlated with temperature.Regarding families,Nymphalidae,Papilionidae and Hesperiidae to be active in July;Pieridae to be active in June;Lycaenidae,seemed to be active during the whole studied period,no obvious fluctuations.The monthly dynamics of butterfly communities in different habitats are basically the same,and there is a high proportion of species turnover.Compared with low altitude,the active period of butterfly community in high altitude habitats is shorter and the time turnover rate of species is higher.