Effets Of Cake Fertilizer On Rhizospheric Biological Characteristics And Microbial Diversity Of Tomato Plants

Application of organic fertilizer is an important way to improve soil fertility and ecosystem environment.Recently,high quality agricultural products are increasingly demanding in domestic and world markets.However,soil degradation,in particularly,soil acidification and declining soil fertility in croplands are mainly inhibiting factors for producing high quality products.In this paper,the yield and quality of tomatoes,soil biological properties and microbial diversity in rhizosphere of tomatoes in field under different application of fertilizers,particularly fertilizing with different kinds of cake fertilizers were analyzed.The results are summarized as follows:1)In comparison with the non-fertilization treatment,the yields of tomatoes were all significantly increased in the chemical fertilizer,peanut and bean composts,which increasing with 27.58%,17.07% and 19.65%,respectively.Among them,chemical fertilizer had the best on increasing tomato yield.In addition,the indexes of tomato quality,such as the contents of soluble solids,sugar and titratable acid were significantly improved and decreased under peanut and bean composts,respectively.That is,the quality of tomato was significantly improved by peanut and bean composts,respectively.On the contrary,the quality losses of tomato were showed in application of chemical fertilizer only for the higher titratable acid content.2)In comparison with the non-fertilization treatment,the activities of ?-glucosidase,phosphatase and aminopeptidase in rhizosphere soils were all improved by treatments with peanut and bean composts,respectively.It indicates that the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus in soils,which treated by peanut or bean composts,will be accelerated.Meanwhile,the microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in rhizosphere soils were also improved by treatments with peanut and bean composts,respectively.3)In comparison with the non-fertilization treatment,the indexes of richness,diversity and evenness of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils of tomato,were all improved at different levels by treatments with peanut,bean composts and chemical fertilizer.However,the higher bacterial diversity and richness are in the treatments with peanut and bean composts,which compared to the treatment of chemical fertilizer.Moreover,the amount of unique dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soils treated with peanut or bean compost,which described at phylum,order and genus levels,were all higher than those in soils with application of chemical fertilizer only.Additionally,the indexes of richness,diversityand evenness of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of tomato,were all decreased by application of tea seed compost.It suggests that the bacterial community structure composition and function in rhizosphere soil by application of tea seed compost are relatively getting simple.4)In comparison with the non-fertilization treatment,the indexes of richness and diversity of fungal communities in rhizosphere soil were also improved at different levels by treatments with chemical fertilizer,peanut,bean or tea seed compost.But the highest fungal diversity and positive effect on evenness indexes were found in rhizosphere soil by application of chemical fertilizer.Additionally,in contrast to the treatment of chemical fertilizer,more unique fungal species were found inin rhizosphere soils by application of peanut or bean compost,respectively.Moreover,the Ascomycota,at phylum level,was found in high proportion of fungal composition in rhizosphere soil,was decreased,and the proportionsof Mucoromycota and Basidiomycota,same at the phylum level of fungi,were improved by application with chemical fertilizer,peanut and bean composts,respectively.However,only the treatment of peanut compost showed in a significant level.In summary,not only the activities of enzymes,which related to carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in soil,but also the microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,indicators as the nutrient pool in soil and the diversity of microbial communities all can be improved by application of peanut or bean compost,respectively.On the contrary,in contrast to non-fertilization treatment,though the soil microbial diversity can be improved by application with chemical fertilizer,but its effect on soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and the activities of enzymes,was less than those by application with peanut and bean composts,respectively.It indicated that these could be the fundamental causes of the tomato quality declining by application with chemical fertilizer only.