Effects Of Water And Fertilizer Regulations On Facility Tomato Growth And Soil Improvement

Nowadays there still exist many problems such as the increasing demand for vegetable,the increasing production area,low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizers,unreasonable fertilizer application,poor physical and chemical properties of soil,and unsatisfactory product quality in Hebei Province.This article conducted both fields field experiment and indoor analysis using tomatoes as the research objects and adopted split plot design.The main plot was set with 3 irrigation volumes:low volume,medium volume and high volume in furrow irrigation under membrane.The subplot was set with the following irrigation fertilization treatments:inorganic fertilizer and biological improver 1?IF2?,inorganic fertilizer and biological amendment 2?IF3?,inorganic fertilizer and soil amendment 3?IF4?,farmer accustomed fertilization?FF?and no fertilization?F0?under high irrigation volume.This paper aimed to study the growth,yield,quality,and economic benefits of tomatoes,soil physical,chemical and biological properties,etc,under different water and fertilizer regulations,so as to provide theoretical and technical support for achieving high quality and safe production of tomatoes.The main conclusions were as follows:?1?Under the condition of high irrigation volume?2500 m³/hm² in border irrigation?,the plant height of tomato in the early stage of growth of the farmers'customary fertilization is superior,and then the addition of inorganic amendment 2 to inorganic formula fertilizer is better.Among the various water and fertilizer control measures,dry matter accumulation,N,P,K accumulation and yield ratio of plants,which were treated with inorganic formula supplemented with inorganic amendment 2 under medium irrigation?1800 m³/hm² below furrow irrigation?,were increased by 16.0%or more than the plants treated with inorganic formula fertilizer and increased by more than 21.9%over farmers'customary fertilization.The growth traits of plants with inorganic formula supplemented with inorganic amendment 3 were similar to those treated with amendment 2,but the former did well in promoting the accumulation of K in tomato.?2?The method of low irrigation?1600 m³/hm² furrow irrigation under the membrane?could improve the nutritional quality of tomato.Under the same irrigation amount,the content of Vc,soluble solids and sugar of the plants was higher and the acidity was lowest by using inorganic formula fertilizer with amendment 2 and 3,which indicated that microbial agents and calcium elements had a significant effect on improving tomato quality.?3?Under medium irrigation,the method of water-fertilizer had the highest efficiency which increased by more than 14.0 percentage points compared with the same treatment with high irrigation.Under the same irrigation volume,the water use efficiency of the inorganic formula fertilizers added with the amendments 2 and 3 was higher by about 10.0percentage points than that of the inorganic formula fertilizer and was 25.0 percentage points higher than farmers'customary fertilization;The fertilizer production efficiency was increased by about 23.0%or 48.1%.The economic benefits of both approaches 200,000yuan/hm².?4?Under the medium irrigation quantity,the addition of the inorganic amendment 2to the inorganic formula fertilizer conduces to the increase of the pH,promotes the absorption of the soil available potassium,and increases the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil;The addition of inorganic amendment 1 to the inorganic formula fertilizer is more conducive to the reduction of soil EC value and the promotion of effective phosphorus absorption;The addition of soil amendment 3 significantly increased soil organic matter by more than 10.3%compared to low irrigation and high irrigation.High irrigation volume is not conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil surface,resulting in more nitrogen leaching into the soil,while the addition of biological amendments and soil amendments to the formula are beneficial to the accumulation of nitrate in the soil and can reduce the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen.With the comprehensive consideration of tomato growth,yield,quality,economic benefits,soil characteristics under different water-fertilizer control measures,among them,submerged furrow irrigation has the best effect of adding inorganic amendments?Pure N,P₂O₅,and K₂O contents are 360,225,360 kg/hm²,and bio-organic fertilizer is 293 kg/hm²?to inorganic formula under medium irrigation?1800 kg/hm²?and the effect of adding inorganic soil amendments?Matured microbial inoculants and calcium nitrate-type nitrogen fertilizers,in which live fungal bacteria>50 million/g,total nitrogen content of calcium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer>15.5%,water-soluble calcium>19%?with inorganic fertilizer under submerged furrow irrigation is only second to the previous method.Both of the above treatments can be used as water-fertilizer management measures for high-quality and high-yield of tomato in the facility.