Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Physisporinus

Physisporinus was established by Petter Karstern in 1889.It belongs to Meripilaceae of Polyporales,The main characteristics of this genus are as follows: basidiocarps annual to perennial,resupinate,effused-reflexed or pileate,waxy soft and juicy when fresh,hard and fragile after drying,Pileal surface white when fresh,dark color after bruising or drying,hyphal system monomitic,generative hyphae with simple septa,lack of cystidia,Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose.All species of Physisporinus cause a white rot of wood,and some species can produce laccase,which has important research value for the decomposition of lignin.As the decomposers of forest ecosystem,it is important to know the species diversity of Physisporinus.Most species of this genus were combined,and the taxonomic status of most species is unsettled.In this study,phylogenetic analysis and morphology are used to study the taxonomy and diversity of the genus.More than 700 specimens of the genus and its related genera were studied,and more than 200 specimens of the genus were analyzed for morphology and phylogeny.Morphological analysis showed that Physisporinus has very similar morphology as Rigidoporus,but both genera are distantly related in phylogeny.Five new species of Physisporinus are found.The microscopic and macroscopic morphological characteristics of the new species are described in detail.The distribution and host information of these new species are supplied.In addition,differences between these species and their similar species are discussed.In this study,19 species of Physisporinus fungi are found: Physisporinus cinereus,P.crataegi,P.crocatus,P.eminens,P.lavendulus,P.furcatus,P.lineatus,P.longicystidius,P.pouzarii,P.resinosus,P.sanguinolentus,P.sulphureus,P.tibeticus,P.vinctus,Physisporinus sp 1.,Physisporinus sp 2.,Physisporinus sp 3.,Physisporinus sp 4.and Physisporinus sp 5.,The illustrated description of each species is given.On the basis of morphological study,the definition of Physisporinus is revised,In addition,the differences between Physisporinus and Rigidoporus can be based on the presence or absence of cystidia,and the molecular data are more important than morphology.The hyphal structure of Physisporinus is relatively simple and all species are monomitic hyphal system,so the macroscopic characteristics are relatively important,such as the color change of fruiting bodies,the size of basidiospores,and the presence or absence of cystidia etc.Because of the high morphological similarity between Physisporinus and Rigidoporus,it is very difficult to identify Physisporinus by morphology alone.Phylogenetic analyses are the key to identify Physisporinus.Based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions and the nuclear large subunit(n LSU)regions,the phylogenetic trees are constructed with Maximum Parsimony(MP),Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian(BI)analyses.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Physisporinus formed a stable and independent clade in Polyporaceae,while Rigidoporus formed a stable and independent clade in Hymenochaetales.