Research On The Governance Mechanism Of China's Bohai Sea Marine Environment From The Perspective Of Polycentric Theory

The Bohai Sea is the only inland sea in China and an important carrier of the Bohai Rim economic circle.It has rich natural resources and a long marine history.Because of its early development time and long experience of disorderly development,its closed nature makes its ecological environment vulnerable.The marine environment is seriously polluted,and the governance of the marine environment pollution in the Bohai Sea is urgent.The governance bodies involved in the governance of the Bohai marine environmental pollution are not limited to the government level,but also to the enterprises in the Bohai Rim Economic Circle,the public individuals living in and around the Bohai Rim provinces,etc.,and the diversity of governance subjects is prominent.At present,the main problems in the governance of the marine environment pollution in the Bohai Sea are that the governance body is single,the government is still overwhelming and in transition,the participation of market and social entities is low,the vitality of market entities has not been released,and the enthusiasm of social entities has not been released.Not fully mobilized,often in a situation of passive participation.Therefore,on the issue of pollution control of the marine environment in the Bohai Sea,the joint development of multiple subjects is the way of governance.Drawing on theories of polycentric governance,inter-government synergy,and other related theories,the author attempts to analyze the current situation and dilemma of the pollution of the marine environment in the Bohai Sea,and analyzes its causes.Based on the experience of the Seto Inland Sea governance in Japan,it proposes the Bohai OceanMulti-center governance mechanism for environmental pollution control.The main body of this article is divided into the following four parts:The first part uses the relevant data as a starting point to describe the current situation of pollution in the Bohai Sea marine environment.The four types of water quality and inferior four types of water quality account for a large proportion,the discharge of land-based pollutants into the sea is large,the eutrophication of the water body is serious,and red tides are frequent Damage to aquatic biodiversity.The governance level mainly analyzes the current participation of the three main bodies,including the government,the market,and the society,in the Bohai Sea pollution control level,and analyzes its own positioning.It is found that in the process of the Bohai Sea marine environmental pollution control,the governance body is single and the government level governance efficiency is not efficient.High,unformed benign cooperation,imperfect inter-government collaborative governance of marine environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea,inadequate innovative governance capabilities of market entities,and low governance effectiveness of social entities.The second part is mainly based on the current situation of the pollution of the marine environment in the Bohai Sea.It analyzes the reasons for the governance dilemma of the three major governance entities,and clarifies that the organic connection between the three major entities and the multi-dimensional operation of power in the multi-center governance system are the main activation mechanisms.power.The low governance efficiency at the government level is due to the central government's and local government's governance positioning to be clarified,special legislation on Bohai governance has not yet been issued,government collaborative governance is not yet mature,and local sea-related sector reforms have not been completed;There is a problem of insufficient innovation governance capacity at the market level.Its interest preferences tend to be unbalanced.The vitality of market governance has not been released.The Bohai Sea market governance system including multiple market governance methods has not yet been formed.The companies in the Bohai Rim regionhave anti-pollution awareness and capabilities Worse;At the social level,the development of maritime environmental protection NGOs in the Bohai Rim has just begun,with a small number and low professionalism.The lack of public environmental protection knowledge reserves leads to poor governance efficiency.In addition,the lack of organic connections between multiple subjects and the insufficient multidimensionality of power operations are also important reasons for the ineffective operation of the Bohai Polycentric Governance Mechanism.The third part mainly selects the Seto Inland Sea governance process,which is also used as the inland sea,as a reference case.The Seto Inland Sea in Japan also caused serious pollution in the industrial era.The government unilaterally supervised the governance,but the effect was not good.Subsequently,in the Seto Inland Sea area,vigorously carry out ecological restoration,guide the full participation of the market-non-governmental organizations-the public,enact legislation first,promulgate special governance laws,encourage collaborative governance among coastal governments,adjust the industrial structure and layout,improve the quality of citizens,and comprehensively manage The Seto Inland Sea is a useful inspiration for the pollution control of China's Bohai Sea marine environment.The fourth part is mainly based on the experience of the Seto Inland Sea governance,and based on the current situation of the Bohai Sea marine environmental pollution and its management difficulties,it puts forward specific recommendations.In general,a multi-center governance mechanism for the governance of the Bohai Sea's marine environmental pollution is established: at the government level,the central government and local governments are clearly defined,and the “Bohai Special Protection Law” is customized to promote the inter-government collaborative governance among local governments around the Bohai Sea and improve the reform of the maritime sector;At the market level,further implement the collection of environmental taxes,consolidate the currently available paid use and trading system of pollution rights,innovate the use of market methods,and create an environment for thecultivation of third-party governance,public service PPP models,and environmental taxes;At the social level,we should strengthen the support and professionalism of environmental NGOs.The public should reserve marine environmental knowledge,establish a marine education knowledge system,promote the integration of production,education,and research,and take advantage of the unique integration of resources and suggestions from society.Clarify the internal relations of the three main bodies,promote the multi-dimensional operation of internal power in the governance mechanism,create a multi-center governance mechanism for the marine environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea,and find a benign governance path for the marine environmental pollution in the Bohai Sea.