| For the sake of exploring the butterfly species diversity,community dynamics and the major factors affecting butterfly distribution in Mt.Tianmu of Zhejiang Province,6 sample lines are set in Mt.Tianmu Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas according to altitude and habitat conditions.And the method of transect line monitoring was used to investigate and dynamically monitor the butterfly resources in the region during 2016 to 2018.The results showed that:(1)A total of 246 species butterflies,which belonging to 120 genera in 5 families,were observed in Mt.Tianmu during 2016 to 2018.(2)The overall trend of the species-abundance relationship in the butterfly community conforms to the normal distribution model,suggesting that the habitat conditions of the Mt.Tianmu is well relatively while the butterfly species is abundant and community are stable relatively.The number of genera(41),species(107)and individuals(3858)of Nymphalidae are the largest and significantly higher than that of other families.Nymphalidae is the dominant populations in Mt.Tianmu.Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae are subdominant populations.The dominance degree of genus and species are 30.00%and 21.14%respectively in Lycaenidae,25.00%and 21.14%respectively in Hesperiidae.Pieris rapae(Linnaeus,1758)and Pieris canidia(Sparrman,1768)are the dominant species in Mt.Tianmu.23 species of butterflies,including Papilio bianor Cramer,1777,Eurema hecabe(Linnaeus,1758),Acraea issoria(Hubner,[1819]),Zizeeria maha(Kollar,[1844])and Daimio tethys(Menetries,1857),are common species in Mt.Tianmu.One species of State Second-Class Protected Animals,that is Luehdorfia chinensis,Leech,1893,was observed.(3)The number of genera(92),species(172)and individuals(2284)of the butterfly community in Sample line ? were significantly higher than those in other lines.In addition,the butterfly community in Sample line ? has the highest diversity(9.1170),the highest evenness(0.8720),the highest species richness(15.9164)and the lowest dominance(0.1018)because the habitat of the Sample line ? was the best.Butterfly community in the Sample line ? and ?,whose genus and species are all abundant,has the higher diversity,the higher evenness,the higher species richness and the lower dominance.The Sample line ? and ? habitat quality the are both relatively good.However,the sample line ? and ? butterfly community species richness,diversity and evenness were all low,and the dominant species in the community was prominent.The sample line ? and ? the human disturbance in is relatively strong,so habitat in the vegetation destroyed by a certain degree.Sample line VI belongs to farmland,the ornginal habitat by human activities,is not suitable for the butterfly's survival and reproduction.The diversity(4.7255),evenness(0.4772)and species richness(4.4858)of butterfly community in the Sample line ? were the lowest.Butterfly community in the Sample line ? structure was unstable and the dominant species were very prominent.The vegetation richness and spatial heterogeneity in habitats are the main factors influencing the species and quantity distribution of butterflies.Appropriate human disturbance is conducive to the development of butterfly diversity,while strong human disturbance will seriously damage habitats and vegetation,affecting the survival and reproduction of butterflies.Microhabitats such as streams have a positive impact on the distribution of butterflies.(4)The species richness of butterfly community increased gradually from April to July,reached its maximum in July,and decreased gradually from August to September.The butterfly communities had higher evenness and lower dominance in April and September relatively.While in May and June,due to the outbreak of the number of Pink Butterflies such as Oriental vegetable meal and cabbage meal butterfly,the evenness of butterfly community was low and the dominant species was prominent.In conclusion,during June to August the habitat conditions of Mt.Tianmu are suitable for the development of butterflies.In addition,the butterfly community in July has the highest species diversity and the highest species richness,while butterflies of all families are relatively abundant in July.The habitat conditions such as temperature and vegetation in July are most suitable for the survival and reproduction of butterflies.The similarity coefficients between April and other months all are low.The climate and vegetation conditions in April have some uniqueness,so the corresponding butterfly community also has some uniqueness.Although the butterfly resources in Mt.Tianmu are rich in species and diversity relatively,some factors that threaten diversity should not be ignored.The key threat factors are the interference of human activities such as tourism development,agricultural activities and human habitation.To protect the diversity of butterflies,the first thing is to protect its host plants and habitats.Secondly,the relevant departments should coordinate the contradiction between tourism development,human habitation with butterfly diversity.Finally,it is necessary to further study the species diversity,community structure and life habits of butterfly resources in order to provide basic information for the protection of butterfly species diversity in Mt.Tianmu. |
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