The Butterfly Diversity Research And Conservation Strategies Of The Jindian National Forest Park, Kunming

The biogeographical territory of China spans Palaearctic and Oriental region, which results in a rich diversity of butterfly species. Butterfly has high values in aesthetics, economy and ecology. Because of ecological environment degradation and market-oriented driven, butterfly biodiversity was threatened.The Jindian National Forest Park is located in the north-east Kunming suburb. There is rich in animal and plant diversity at the park. The butterfly background resources of the park are very rich, and the butterfly community structure is stable. In order to study the environmental factor on butterfly species and quantity distribution effect, analysis the habitat types and seasonal variation impact the butterflies.The relations between butterfly diversity and different habitats:From the July2010to the June2011, butterfly diversity in four habitat types in the Jindian National Forest Park, Kunming was surveyed. The specimens of590butterflies, belonging to eight families,37genera and50species were captured and identified. The butterfly species,individual numbers and diversity index in different habitat type were analyzed. The results follow the priority ranking as shrubbery> wetland>Pinus yunnanensis forest>Acacia mearnsii forest; The evenness index ranking shows that wetland> shrub>Acacia mearnsii forest>Pinus yunnanensis forest. The dominance index ranking shows the trend Acacia mearnsii forest>Pinus yunnanensis forest> shrubbery> wetland. The similarity coefficient between wetland and shrubbery is the highest. The results show that the habitat type is important factor for butterflies distribution. Acacia mearnsii has a major negative effect on butterfly diversity. The relations between butterfly diversity and different seasons:From the October2010to the September2011, butterfly diversity in four seasons at the Jindian National Forest Park, Kunming was surveyed. The specimens of972butterflies, belonging to9families,49genera and69species were captured and identified. The butterfly genus, species, individual numbers, diversity index and evenness index in different season were analyzed. The results follow the priority ranking as summer> spring> autumn> winter; The dominance index ranking shows the trend spring> autumn> summer> winter. The similarity coefficient between autumn and winter is the highest, between summer and winter is the lowest. These are related with the different seasons' climate. The results show that many butterflies species have2or more generations each year in Kunming area.The butterfly biodiversity is rich in Jindian National Forest Park, Kunming. But the butterfly biodiversity has been threatened by humanity activities. In order to protect the butterfly biodiversity, conservation action planning was used to identify the key conservation targets, which are the whole butterfly biodiversity, Acraea issoria, Papilio syfanius, and shrubbery ecosystem. They have been threaten by agricultural production, traffic pollution, invasive species and grazing. The main conservation actions are identified as1) controlling the alien invasive species, increasing native species richness and planting butterfly host plants and nectar plants,2) reducing negative effect of agricultural production, strengthening environmental quality control and monitoring,3) enforcing park construction management, and4) increasing public conservation awareness education.