Study On The Erosion Of Stone Relics Of By Lichen In Nanshan Temple In Wutai Mountain

There are many stone cultural relics in Wutai Mountain,and the carving art is high.However,the lichens on the stone eroded the cultural relics and covered the beautiful patterns,which affected the integrity and forward-looking of the cultural relics.However,there is a lack of research on the Wutai Mountain lichens.Therefore,it is urgent to conduct research on the Wutai Mountain lichens.The Nanshan Temple stone carving is a fine among the stone carving works of many temples in Wutai Mountain.The level of carving art is very high.Therefore,we take Nanshan Temple as an example to study the stone lichens on stone cultural relics.Morphological research methods were used to analyze the species,geographical floristic components and dominant families and genus of Lichen in Nanshan Temple.The coverage of lichens was investigated by grid method.The relationship between lichens species and growth status and microenvironment was analyzed.Finally,The condition of the surface of the lichens eroding stone artifacts was investigated and evaluated.The main findings are as follows:(1)There are 10 families,16 genera and 25 species of lichens attached to the stone relics of Nanshan Temple,Wutai Mountain.The most widespread lichens are Teloschistaceae,Lecanoraceae,Acarosporaceae,Physciaceae,and four species,Physciaceae,respectively.There are more than 5 species of major families,including Telosch of the yellow branch family.There were 3 genera and 6 species in Lecanoraceae family and 5 species in Teloschistaceae family,which were dominant families in this area,accounting for 20% of the total families,31.25% of the total genera and 44% of the total species in the istaceae family and the Lecanoraceae family of the tea-stains family in this area,and there were 3 genera and 6 species of the tea-stains family Lecanoraceae and 2 genera and 5 species of the Teloschistaceae family in this area.The lichens of a single family account for 50% of the total number of families.Geographical floristic analysis can be divided into 5 categories,respectively,the world wide component(Cosmopolitan element)accounted for 16% of the total species,temperate elements(Temp).Eratural element)accounted for 48% of the total species,East Asian component(East Asian element)accounted for 12% of the total species,pan-tropical component(Pantropical element)accounted for 8% of the total species,circum-Arctic component(Circumpolar element)accounted for 16% of the total species,temperate elements accounted for the absolute dominance.(2)Through the investigation and analysis of the lichen distribution environment of Nanshan Temple,cluster analysis and principal component analysis,as well as the analysis of the coverage and corrosion area of the lichen of Nanshan Temple,the analysis data show that: Lishi Huangyi(Xanthoria fallax)has the most frequent occurrence in the region,with the largest coverage,and the biological corrosion by lichens is very serious.The distribution of lichen species is related to the environment of rock,and the distribution of stone lichen in Nanshan Temple is related to the degree of building shielding,the degree of carving,and the degree of man-made interference in the erosion of rock.In the environment in which the lichens grew in Nanshan Temple,the degree of human disturbance and the degree of building occlusion had the greatest influence on the growth of the lichens,and the average lichen erosion area of the seven stone balustrades studied was 35.6%.The results can be used as reference for the protection of stone relics.