Study On Habitat Selection And Genetic Diversity Of Giant Panda In Sichuan Caopo Provincial Nature Reserve

As an ancient species throughout Chinese history,the giant panda is also a unique cherished animal in China.The existence has become a witness of Chinese civilization,with a strong Chinese characteristic.Giant panda,as a higher beast in ancient times,has evolved into thousands of years of evolution.Now it has become a "national treasure" and it keeps the body of a carnivorous animal but eats the bamboo with extremely low nutritional value.Because of the political color and high scientific research value of the Chinese culture,the giant panda has been loved and studied by the world.The giant panda population is only distributed in the 67 nature reserves of country's 6 mountains.The loss and isolation of habitats caused the decline of genetic diversity,which seriously affects the survival,and reproduction of the wild population of the giant panda.The research on habitat can be used to understand the status and spatial distribution of the giant panda.Because of the differences in the external environment,the habitat selection of giant pandas in different regions is different,so it is necessary to understand the habitat of giant pandas in different regions.Because of the fragmentation of the giant panda habitat,the giant panda in different regions has its unique gene pool.Genetic diversity determines whether a giant panda population can continue to reproduce and expand.A thorough understanding of the habitat preference and genetic diversity of giant pandas in different regions can provide targeted protection for different regions and formulate protective policies.To the protection of the giant panda is of great significance.Based on the study of the Caopo Nature Reserve as a research area,the habitat selection and genetic diversity of giant panda in Caopo Nature Reserve were studied through field investigation and microsatellite DNA.The results are as follows:Habitat Selection Research: In May 2016 to August 2016,34 sample lines were set up in Caopo Natural Reserve by the line transect method.And then a total of 229 quadrat were set and investigated in accordance with the actual situation,wherein 104 quadrat were found the giant panda trace.Results of statistical analysis of the samples showed that in terms of topographic factors,giant panda of Caopo Natural Reserve mainly select uniform slope and composite slope,which the average altitude is2400m~3200m,slope direction is 45 ~225 degrees and the slope is 20 ~40 degrees.In the structure of forest community,the giant panda mainly chose the original forest habitat of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.The giant panda were studied in depth from 7 aspects,including altitude,slope,slope aspect,slope type,staple foodbamboo type,vegetation type and forest origin.The results show that biggest preference of giant panda of Caopo Natural Reserve for altitude was 2600m-2800 m,for slope was 20-30 degrees,for slope direction was 90-135 degrees,for slope type was uniform slope,for staple bamboo was fargesia robusta,for vegetation type was theropencedrymion,the maximum preference for staple food bamboo cane and bamboo,the largest vegetation type preference for coniferous forest and broad-leaved mixed forest,for forest origin was the original forest.Genetic Diversity Research: In this study,feces of the giant panda were collected in the survey of habitat sample lines.And then the giant panda DNA was extracted from the feces.The DNA was amplified by SRY for gender identification,and 12 microsatellite loci were selected to carry on microsatellite amplification,genotyping and individual identification.Genetic diversity was studied by typing results: there were 45 giant panda individuals in Caopo Natural Reserve,including 21 males and 24 females.And the sex ratio is 8:7.Genetic diversity analysis showed that the genetic diversity of giant pandas was abundant in Caopo Natural Reserve.The average number of alleles of the giant panda was 3.3773,The average number of observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.661.The average number of expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.704.The average PIC value was 0.718.The Ha Weinberg(HWE)test of the whole population found that the giant panda in Caopo Natural Reserve did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg balance.It was found that there was no bottleneck effect in the test of the bottleneck effect of the population.