| With the development of the urbanization of the population,the number of urban population will change dramatically.Studies have shown that the proportion of urban population in the world will increase from 46.6%to 69.6%in 2000 by 2050.With the increasing acceleration of urbanization,it is accompanied by a series of ecological problems,such as environmental pollution,heat island effect and climate change.Urban green space,as the main recreational place,plays an important role in improving the local microclimate environment to improve the comfort of visitors.Therefore,how to design and plan reasonable urban public space and optimize the selection of community plants is of great significance for improving the quality of public green space and improving the quality of life of residents.Therefore,this study adopts the methods of field investigation,microclimate monitoring,behavior observation and questionnaire,etc.From the two aspects of tourists' comfort and behavior observation,we have studied the microclimate change of different spatial structure of Harbin urban Forest Park and its impact on tourists' comfort and behavior.In order to provide reference for the planning and construction of public space in Harbin.The main results are as follows:1.The ecological effects of all kinds of land are not only different in the small scale time,but also in the large scale time.In one day,the temperature and radiation temperature in all kinds of ground increased first and then decreased.The temperature and radiation temperature reached the minimum at 9:00.The maximum value of 13:00-15:00.The relative humidity decreased first and then increased:the maximum reached 53.12%at 9:00 and 13:00-15:00 reached a minimum of 38.26%.From seasonal perspective,seasonal changes in humidification and cooling effects in the tree communities with abundant plant communities were observed.In a year,the cooling effect of tree specimen garden is most obvious in summer,and the average daily cooling value is 3.66 ?.Followed by spring and autumn,the average daily cooling values were 2.13? and 1.95 ? respectively.2.The ecological effect of urban green space is also different in the small scale space.In each season,compared to the paving square,the forest land has the best cooling effect,and the range is 2.13 ?-3.75 ?.The next is the wetland,the temperature range is 0.77?-1.62 ?.But there was no obvious humidification and cooling effect in the meadow with area of 1.3-3.5hm2.The corresponding increase of wet effect:woodland>grassland>wetland;The size of a variety of radiation temperatures is:woodland>wetland>grassland.3.There are differences in the correlation and correlation between the microclimate factors and the thermal comfort of the human body.Spring,summer,autumn season,thermal comfort and air temperature and radiation temperature showed a significant positive correlation(P<0.05),showed a significantly negative correlation with relative humidity(P<0.05);seasonal variation of wind speed and comfort the relationship between spring and autumn are negative correlation,summer significant positive correlation(P<0.05).4.The thermal sensation of visitors in Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden is less influenced by nonmicroclimate factors.The seasonal thermal comfort evaluation model with variable thermal comfort and the visitors' microclimate factors predicted significant linear relationship exists,and the goodness of fit of R2 was greater than 0.8,which is more than 80%can be temperature,relative humidity,temperature and wind speed of radiation explained by variables.SPSS factor analysis showed that the degree of interpretation of human body thermal comfort by different microclimatic factors was:air temperature(55.89%)>radiation temperature(30.62%)>relative humidity(12.86%)>wind speed(0.63%).The comfort temperature of visitors in Heilongjiang forest botanical garden was 23 ?-25 ?.The comfortable radiant temperature of visitors was 3?-5? in spring and 5?-7? in autumn.5.The spatial microclimate affects the types of visitors' activities.In summer,the average comfort level of the square visitors is the highest(2.46).Tourist activities mainly take necessary activities such as walking and so on,accounting for 67%of the total.Secondly,they are spontaneous activities(19%)based on rest and social activities dominated by games(14%).The average comfort level of visitors in the tree specimen garden is the lowest(1.02),and the visitors'thermal comfort is relatively good.Tourist activities are mainly social activities such as camping,accounting for 45%.The necessary activity was only 20%,and the proportion was the smallest.In autumn,the average heat comfort of the visitors in the tree specimen garden was-0.686,and the thermal comfort of the visitors was cold and cool,and the main activities of visitors were mainly through the necessary activities(57%).Secondly,there were few spontaneous activities(35%)with rest as the main activity(8%).The correlation analysis shows that the proportion of necessary activity in summer has a significant positive correlation with human thermal comfort(P<0.05),and in autumn it has a significant negative correlation(P<0.05),but the correlation of social activity proportion and human thermal comfort is not significant(P>0.05).6.In addition to the conditions of microclimate,unique landscape characteristics have a positive impact on the participation of outdoor space.In summer,visitors have a good knowledge of green space,such as woodland,so there is a significant positive correlation between the spatial use rate and thermal comfort(P<0.05).In summer,flowers are in full bloom and have strong attraction to visitors.Therefore,the grassland spatial use rate is less affected by the change of microclimate.In autumn,the attraction of the square is more than that of other places.Therefore,the heat sensitivity of tourists in this space is relatively low. |
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