| City development has greatly changed the living environment of human beings,but also led to the dramatic changes in the biological diversity.Urban green space is the main habitat and ecological shelter of birds in the city.Guangzhou city,one of the highest level of urbanization city in south China,is the core in pearl river delta area.Since China's reform and opening,along with the rapid development of population and economy,the urbanization of Guangzhou city is increasing.The changes of the wild animal community structure and species diversity in the habitat of urbanization get more and more attention of ecologists and wildlife experts.The research was observed birds species,quantity,feeding and so on with a line transect method and the location of the observation records in eight urban green spaces of Guangzhou city from October 2014 to September 2015.Therefore,through the research of urban bird community structure and feeding niche can provide a scientific basis for planning urban green space,protecting and attracting birds.Detailed results were as follows:(1)Totally,108 species belonging to 14 orders,38 families were recorded in urban green space in one year.Among them,five species were listed in the second category of the national protected wildlife species in China and 14 species were listed in Guangdong province key protected wild animals.Oriental species,Palaearctic species and widely distributed species were 60,39 and 9 species by the area.According to the type of residence,there were 70,24,10 and 4 species belonging to residents,winter migrants,summer migrants and passage migrants.(2)Bird community exist certain differences in Guangzhou urban green spaces.Baiyunshan Resort had most species number with 56 and the highest richness index of 11.747.The species number and abundance index were minimum in Liwanhu Park and Pearl River Park,only 26 species and 5.339.Bird species had volatility in different month.The number of species and individuals was the most in March,58 species and 1771 individuals respectively and the species diversity index and richness index was the highest,4.060 and 12.174.The number of species was only 42 species in December,species diversity index and richness was also the least.(3)We calculated the niche breadth and niche overlap between each other on feeding methods and substrates of 13 space resources sequence in 2 latitudes in different season.The results showed that the bird niche breadth and niche overlap changed with the seasons.The greater in the niche breadth of birds feeding instructed the wider of feeding range available in the vertical latitude and stronger adaptability to the environment.On the other hand,the narrower of the niche breadth of species were more sensitive to environmental changes.Because of the same or similar living environment,urban birds in the same family which have similar life habits have the larger niche overlap.(4)Cluster analysis showed that the bird community can be divided into 8 guilds,10 guilds,8 guilds and 8 guilds from bird community in urban green space of spring,summer,autumn and winter.Through the four seasons of birds feeding group compared,we can find the bird community were more focus on water layer,ground layer and tree layer in every season.And birds feeding behavior have seasonal change in urban green space in Guangzhou because of food resources,immigration and emigration of migratory birds,feeding tree phenology period and so on.At last,some suggestions for bird protection in Guangzhou city were put forward.(1)Perfect the garbage and sewage treatment,increase and improve the urban wetland habitat and improve water structural diversity.(2)Increase the area of urban green space as far as possible on the basis of the existing urban green space,and strengthen the join with the surrounding environment.(3)Increase the vertical vegetation diversity,to configure the forest having more complex hierarchical structure,increase the level of vegetation abundance.(4)Planting more trees birds like feeding and shrub having gorgeous flower color and grass having more seed.Also,considering the plant phenological period,it should be configured the amount and type of plant in different season of blossom and fruit. |
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