Response And Efficiency Measurement Of The Peasant Households Cultivated Land Use Behavior Of Different Landform Areas Under The Circumstance Of Cultivated Land Marginalization

With the launch of the reform and opening up policy,urbanization and industrialization of China has made considerable progress since 1980 s,which brings the rapid development of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry and the diversified pattern of national economic operation.However,under the influence of huge income difference between workers and peasants,market price of agricultural products,land use system,agricultural location and other factors,the phenomenon of cultivated land marginalization in China is appearing.The phenomenon takes the lead in the eastern coastal areas which own the most rapid development of market economy,and then spread from the east to the west China.With the decline of cultivated land income,rational peasant households in a particular social and economic environment will re-allocation their labor force,capital and land resources according to their individual resource endowment.Changes of the peasant households cultivated land use behavior will not only directly affects the efficiency of cultivated land utilization,relates to food security and social economic stability,but also impacts on the ecological environment.Therefore,clarify the response of peasant households cultivated land use behavior and its influence to the cultivated land use efficiency in the process of cultivated land marginalization,is crucial to rationally guide the peasant households cultivated land use behavior,to enhance the efficiency of cultivated land use,and to wisely cope with the marginalization of cultivated land.Thus,follow the research concepts of “macroscopic diagnose and with microcosmic response”,this research start with diagnostic analysis of the cultivated land marginalization of Shapingba district.Based on the selection of several typical sample villages different landform areas,this study use the method of3S+PRA(participatory farmers survey)to establish a “peasant household-land” database which integrate both spatial and attribute characteristics of peasant household.With the data source from the database set up as above,this study discuss about the spatio-temporal response characteristics of peasant households cultivated land use behavior of different landform areas under the circumstance of cultivated land marginalization,and analyze difference of influencing factors of response of peasant households cultivated land use behavior in different landform areas.Then,by measuring the peasant households land use efficiency in different periods and different landform areas,this study discuss about the response of peasant households cultivated land use behavior and its influence to the cultivated land use efficiency in the process of cultivated land marginalization.Eventually,this study is accomplished in the hope of providing intellectual supports to the development of individualized the rural policy and agricultural development policy,to the rational guidance of peasant households land use behavior,to the enhancement of cultivated land use efficiency,and to the promote of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources.The main results are as follows:(1)Diagnosis of the cultivated land marginalization in Shapingba area shows that,in the past 20 years,two obvious cultivated land(2001-2004 a,2010-2012a)marginalization phenomenon appeared in the process of cultivated land utilization in Shapingba area,the first time shows a longer duration of marginalization while a deeper degree of marginalization presents in the second.(2)As we analyzing the response of peasant households land use behavior of different landform areas,significant changes of the peasant households land use behavior of different landform areas were observed in both of the two process of cultivated land marginalization.Phenomenon of cultivated land extensive utilize is obvious,as well as the characteristics of non-food and non-agricultural.Agricultural production system shows a shrinking trend,and is aggravated in the second process of cultivated land marginalization.Follows are results based on the response characteristics of peasant households land use behavior in different landform areas.First,from the response of cultivated land utilization pattern we can understand that,with the phenomenon of marginalization of cultivated land appears,peasant households in different landform areas are more inclined to choose the economic crops with relatively high economic profit,and the adjustment range of planting structure is shown as low hill area greater than shallow hill area which is greater than middle hill area.Second,from the response of cultivated land utilization degree,peasant households in different landform areas all reduce the multiple-cropping index,which,appears most obviously in middle hill area followed by the low hill area,and finally for shallow hill area.Third,from the response of cultivated land utilization intensity,peasant households in different landform areas reduce the labor input and capital input per unit area with various degree.Significantly,the mechanical service input level has markedly increased,which indicate that,to cope with the cultivated land marginalization,there arise "labor saving" changes in the peasant households cultivated land input behavior.But from the descent range of peasant households input in different landform areas,the fall range of labor input and capital investment is shown as middle hill area greater than low hill area which is greater than shallow hill area.(3)By using multiple linear regression analysis model,this study carried out the regression analysis to explore its influencing factors.Selecting 15 factors of 6 kinds,including family characteristics,labor characteristics,cultivation conditions,market environment,agricultural policy and so on,this study made regression analysis on three aspects of peasant households land use response: the pattern,degree and intensity.The result shows that: there lies some differences in the significant performance of peasant households land use behavior in different landform areas.There are 5 variable quantities observed to be the important reason that causes the difference of peasant households land use behavior in different landform areas: the grade of cultivated slope,the distance from contracted land to the main road,the cultivated land fragmentation,the affection from other farmers,and the distance from Industrial Park.Follows are results from the regression analysis on three aspects of peasant households land use response.First,from the influencing factors of peasant households land use patterns,6 variables quantities shows common influence to the response of peasant household land use pattern,including the number of non-agricultural employment,proportion of output value of nonfood crops,education level of agricultural labor,average age of agricultural labor,variation of agricultural product price change,technically training.The response of peasant households cultivated land use in the middle hill area and the low hill area are suffer from negative influence of 4 variable quantities including the grade of cultivated slope,the distance from contracted land to the main road,the cultivated land fragmentation and the distance from Industrial Park.In addition,the shallow hill area is also affected by the impact of other farmers significantly.Second,from the influencing factors of peasant households land use degree,there are 6 variable quantities that ownssignificant effect on the response of the peasant households land use degree: number of non-agricultural employment,total household income,cultivated land management scale of peasant households,proportion of output value of non-food crops,degree of cultivated land fragmentation.The middle hill area and the shallow hill area suffer from negative impact of 3 variables including the grade of cultivated slope,the distance from contracted land to the main road and the distance from Industrial Park.Third,from the influencing factors of cultivated land use intensity,7 variable quantities shows common influence to the response of peasant household land use intensity,including number of non-agricultural employment,total household income,cultivated land management scale of peasant households,proportion of non-grain crops,average age of agricultural labor and the price change of agricultural products.The 3 variables,the slope gradient,the distance from the main road to the main road and the distance from the industrial park,have a significant negative impact on the land use intensity.Comparative analysis of peasant households land use efficiency in different periods and different landform areas shows that,affected by peasant households cultivated land use behavior,the land use efficiency and pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of peasant households in different landform areas all decreased significantly in the two process of cultivated land marginalization,and further aggravated in the second process.Besides,due to the significant differences in the response of peasant households land use behavior,the descent range of land use efficiency of peasant households is shown as middle hill area greater than low hill area which is greater than shallow hill area.