| Agriculture is the foundation that guarantee one country's economy develops rapidly. The important subject on Chinese food security is also concerned by many domestic and foreign scholars. Since the reform and opening up, with transformation of our country economic system, rural social and economic system has profound change. That the quantity of cultivated land decline sharply and rural labor loss make serious threat to national food security. In such background, how to improve the utilization efficiency of cultivated land becomes the important approach to ensure food safety. Rural households as microcosmic mainstay in agricultural production, its economic behavior influences utilization efficiency of cultivated land directly. The rural households started to divide gradually in transformation of social economic, and the division of rural households is inevitable phenomena during China's socio-economic development. Rural households division would produce some effect to utilization of cultivated land, thus affect technical efficiency and input allocation efficiency. Therefore, at the condition of rural households division, it is significant to analyze behavior of different type's rural households on utilization of cultivated land.This study analyzed different types of cultivated lands input behavior and efficiency comprehensively, based on a view of division of rural households, at farmer behavioral theory and production efficiency of elements theory as the theoretical framework, by production frontier method and risk decision optimization model for empirical methods. Full text research content mainly about as follows:(1) Deformation and reason of farmers division. Division of rural households'type is the basis of text. This paper analyzed deformation and reason of rural households division on the view of specialization selection of family member and division of function between rural households. New classical economics of rural households'utility theory and new classical economics extra-marginal analysis theory are better analysis tools, this paper mainly use the mentioned two theory above to analyze the reason on the internal division of rural households. (2) Cultivated land input behavior model of different type's rural households. This paper analyzed the deformation division of rural households'effect to resource endowment of family from new classical economics theory view. Because different resource endowments of family created different budget constraints and different utility function, which led to different behavior on decision-making of cultivated land input. From the Angle of family economic theory, this paper analyzed professional selection and economic behavior's influence of cultivated lands input behavior. This part of study built the decision-making model respectively, which mainly aimed at different types of rural households, and had analysis on internal mechanism of rural households'cultivated land input behavior. (3) Cultivated land input characteristics of rural households in typical region. Cultivated land input of rural households includes three essential factors, which are land, capital and labor. Inputs quantity of these three elements is controlled by rural households'input decision-making. This part used the typical region's survey data of rural households to research all kinds of rural households'cultivated land input characteristics. And verified the rural households'decision-making models which were established in front paper. (4) Measure of cultivated land input efficiency of rural households. Significance and purpose of this paper's study was rural households'cultivated land input behavior's influence to agricultural production efficiency. This paper used stochastic frontier production model and cost effectiveness equations to analyze different types of cultivated land input technical efficiency and cost efficiency, simultaneously found the reason of its efficiency loss. (5) Cultivated land input efficiency improvement. It analyzed optimization of cultivated lands use structure and input allocation, and had reached the target of improve efficiency by target-MOTAD model.Through the analysis of the above content, this paper indicated the following conclusion:(1) Rural households'division types. The paper defined the division deformation of rural households in the internal family based on the work division and specialization economic theory:completely division rural households, incompletely division rural households, agricultural professional rural households (participating in market), agricultural professional (self-sufficiency) rural households and non-agricultural rural households. Division deformation definition of family to family is "organized rural households" and "liberalizing rural households". Among the samples of survey, completely division rural households had 41.57 percent, incompletely division rural households had 35.87 percent, non-agricultural rural households had 21.75 percent. Among them, rural households who participating in market account for agricultural professional and account for the proportion of the total sample had 72.89 percent and 15.85 respectively. Self-sufficiency rural household account for agricultural professional and account for the proportion of the total sample had 27.10 percent and 5.89 percent. Non-agricultural rural household had 0.41 percent. (2) Professionalization is benefit to improve the efficiency of cultivated land input. From the result of the technical efficiency of different type rural households'cultivated land input, the technical efficiency of professional rural households was higher than the rural households which had feature of concurrent-business, it shows up technical efficiency of agricultural professional (participating in market),agricultural professional (self-sufficiency) and completely division rural households were higher than incompletely division rural households. Cultivated land input cost efficiency of different type rural households from maximum to minimum was:agricultural professional rural households (participating in market)>completely division rural households>incompletely division rural households>agricultural professional (self-sufficiency) rural households. Cultivated land use efficiency of "organized rural household" was higher than "liberalizing rural household" (3) Improvement of rural households division had helped to increase total utility of family. Through comparison of different type's rural households'revenue that can obtain total utility of rural households, it indicated order of total utility of farmer family as follows:non-professional rural households> incompletely division rural households> completely division rural households>agricultural professional rural households (participating in market)>agricultural professional (self-sufficiency) rural households. The conclusion above could prove that improvement of rural households division could help to increase total utility of family. (4) The rural households in China suffered huge losses in cultivated land use efficiency. This paper measured the land use efficiency and cost efficiency losses in cultivated land use efficiency of different type's rural households with the stochastic frontier method and Simultaneous equations. The results showed that there were 27.36 percent efficiency losses and 32.65 percent allocate efficiency losses of completely division type rural households; there were 31.40 percent efficiency losses and 36.99 percent allocate efficiency losses of incompletely division type rural households; there were 11.63 percent efficiency losses and 39.19 of percent allocate efficiency losses of agricultural professional (participating in the market) type rural households; and there were 13.24 percent efficiency losses and 41.47 percent allocate efficiency losses of agricultural professional(self-sufficient) type rural households. The results reflected the objective fact that there are serious losses in rural households cultivated land use efficiency in china, and the efficiency of input elements allocation loss is more serious. (5) Comparison the rural households'cultivated land input elements in China, there's a universal phenomenon that labor inputs were more than capital elements inputs, well the capital inputs was insufficient in general, and the cultivated land use structure need to optimize. Rural households could get more income through the way that optimization the inputs and cultivated land use structure. The results indicated that the low rate of China's cultivated land utilization, and the improper allocation of elements input into cultivated land are universal phenomenon in China's cultivated land utilization, it also lead to the huge losses in rural households'cultivated land use efficiency in China. Therefore, it has important significance to improve rural households farmland input efficiency, by promoting cultivated land turnover to agricultural professional rural households, and transfer the rural surplus labor force, increasing more support to farmers' specialized cooperative organizations.
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