The Study Of Pronouns In The History Of Zen Buddhism

Chan Zhen Yi Shi is a historical romance novel written in the late Ming Dynasty by Fang Ruhao. It used the language of transition period from the late Ming Dynasty ancient vernacular to the modern Chinese,which reflects the true face of the later modern Chinese spoken in a certain extent. Chan Zhen Yi Shi is very important in the research of modern Chinese literature.This paper will take the pronouns as the research object. The 94 pronouns are divided into personal pronouns,demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns. Then is the frequency statistics for each pronoun,sketched the sources and the development process,describe the syntactic function and semantic function,fully display the visage of the Chan Zhen Yi Shi pronoun system.This paper is divided into five parts:The introduction part mainly introduces the Chan Zhen Yi Shi,analyses its corpus value, reviewed the research status of modern Chinese pronouns.The first chapter is "personal pronouns",divided into six categories:the first person pronoun, second person pronoun, third person pronouns, reflexive pronouns, pronouns referring to other persons and pronouns referring to all persons. Through the study we will find that wo, ni,ta has become the main personal pronouns and the basic usage function is perfect,consistent with the modern Chinese. The most widely used in ancient Chinese pronouns have withdrawn from the oral field. Yu,er, yi had already decayed at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and they no longer used in the daily spoken language. Zhen refers to the monarch himself,which restrictions on the identity of the user. Wu and ru are used for claiming the upper class society. The frequency of Reflexive zi is still dominant,the grammatical function of bie ren is complete, zhong ren is the most active pronouns referring to all persons. The plural forms of personal pronouns, in addition to bei and deng as well as the additional affix men, there is a phenomenon that the singular form represents the plural meaning.The second chapter is "demonstrative pronouns", divided into six categories: near demonstrative pronoun,far demonstrative pronoun,neutral demonstrative pronoun, the system referring other things,he distributive pronouns, the pronoun system referring to everything. The use of the pronoun zhe and its complex form has been the leading edge,but ci and its complex form is still maintained a high amount of use;the usage of the pronoun na and its composite form in the demonstrative pronouns accounted for a considerable advantage,has far exceeded the bi. Some of the neutral demonstrative pronouns in modern times have been inherited by modern Chinese,and some are kept in the dialect,such as nen, nen de,nen ban etc.. The system referring other things ta and ling are widely use, frequency of use of the distributive pronouns ge and its complex form higher than mei, the pronoun system referring to everything zhu still accounts for a significant advantage.The third chapter is the interrogative pronouns, divided into seven sections: shui series, he series,zen series, ji series,duo series,shen series,na series.Through the investigation of interrogative pronouns,we can see the interrogative pronoun of ancient times is mostly in the recession,an, yan,shu has a small number of cases,the other commonly used pronouns of Pre Qin period such as hu,he,xi can not found in the book, shui series, he series, zen series,shen series,na series gradually become the main form of modern Chinese interrogative pronouns.The conclusion part summarizes the thesis, and makes an overview of the characteristics of pronouns of Chan Zhen Yi Shi.Through the thorough investigation of pronouns,we found the pronoun system has three characteristics :first,the personal pronoun system of Chan Zhen Yi Shi, especially the firs,second and third personal pronouns, although rich and varied forms, they reflects characteristics of the relative concentration function;second,demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns have their own system, but the pronoun form more complicated;third,the pronoun of the book is still in the transitional stage from late Ming Dynasty ancient vernacular to the modern Chinese,which have inherited and developed from the preceding dynasty,but have shown the characteristics of modern Chinese;forth,the pronoun system of polysyllabic trend,especially in the demonstrative pronouns are embodied in the most obvious;fifth,syntactic and semantic function of pronoun tended to be complete. Abundant pronoun corpus provide a strong evidence for us to explore the basic trend of the development of pronouns in modern Chinese,also reflects gradually mature of the pronoun system.