The Stuady Of Time Expression In Chan Zhen Yi Shi

This paper takes the time expression in "Chan Zhen Yi Shi " as the research object,divides the time expression in "Chan Zhen Yi Shi " into three categories: time point expression,time period expression and time adverb.Then we have a exhaustive description of various types,analyzing their characteristics in semantic,grammatical and pragmatic aspects,and makes a diachronic and synchronic comparison of some of the time words,thus showing the complete picture of the time expression in "Chan Zhen Yi Shi",it reveals characteristics of time expression in the late Ming Dynasty,which helps to promote the in-depth study of time expression in modern Chinese and even Chinese history.There are 260 time-point expressions in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi ",which are divided into two types: time-point words and time-point structures.According to different time bases,time-point words can be subdivided into absolute time-point words and relative time-point words.According to the different internal structure relationships,the time-point structure can be subdivided into four categories: subject-predicate structure,verb-object structure,attributive structure and orientation structure.Time-point words and time-point structures are equivalent in number,but the frequency of use of time-point words is much higher than that of time-point structures.The means of time expression are various and contain rich cultural connotation.The time-point words with dialect color in "Chan Zhen Yi Shi" have disappeared in modern Chinese lingua franca,and only occasionally used in some literary works with dialect color.In addition,there are a number of same morpheme counter-order time-point words,usually only one of the more frequently used retained in modern Chinese,but there are also counter order time-point words in the process competition generated division of labor.There are 108 expressions of time period in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi ",which are divided into two types: time-period words and time-period structures.Time-period words include definite time-period words and approximate time-period words,and time-period structure includes quantitative type and line segment type.In terms of quantity,the timeperiod structure is slightly more than the time-period word,but in terms of frequency of use,the time-period word is much higher than the time-period structure.The time-period words are mainly disyllabic,and there are 38 disyllabic time-period words,accounting for 93% of the total time-period words.Some concepts of time-period with fuzziness and subjectivity are often expressed by various time-period words.In addition," Chan Zhen Yi Shi " also appeared very few words of same morpheme counter-order timeperiod and time-period words with dialect color.There are 92 adverbs of time in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi ",which are divided into two types: adverbs of time and tense.The time adverbs can be subdivided into past time,present time and future time.The tense adverbs can be subdivided into eight categories: repetition,frequency,long time,temporary and etc.The number of tense-aspect adverbs is relatively large,accounting for 64% of the total.Among them,the number of fast tense adverbs is largest.There is a phenomenon of double-category of time adverbs,which is mainly reflected in the fact that some antonymous compound words,in addition to being used as time adverbs,also appear in the book as an antonymous joint phrase,which actually reflects the gradual lexicalization of phrases into adverbs.From a diachronic perspective,the time expression in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi " not only inherited the ancient Chinese and the Middle Chinese period,but also emerged in the modern Chinese period,and even some time expressions first appeared in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi ".some of these time expressions have been used in modern Chinese,and some have basically disappeared.In addition,this paper also discusses the grammatical and pragmatic functions of time expression in " Chan Zhen Yi Shi ".In terms of grammatical function,the combination ability of time expression is strong,and the position in the sentence is flexible.In terms of pragmatic function,time expression has four functions: management,connection,evaluation and reference.