Bird Community Diversity And Its Influencing Factors In Weishan Lake

Lake is a type of wetland ecosystem with more human disturbance?in which lakebird paly an important role. Results of studies on lake birds can provide the scientificbasis for the lake management and protection of birds. Studies on the composition ofbird community, characteristics of bird diversity and its relationship with environmentfactors were conducted using line transect method in Weishan Lake with the largestarea in Nansi Lake in Shandong Province, China from October2010to September2011. Main results are as follows.1. A total of132species and25515individuals were recorded. These speciesbelong to39families and11orders, among which39species were residents,33summer migrants,14winter migrants and46passing migrants accounting for29.55%,25.00%,10.60%and34.85%of all species respectively. And there were14469numbers of residents,7300numbers of summer migrants,1893numbers of wintermigrants,1853numbers of passage migrants which respectively accounted for56.70%,28.60%,7.40%and7.30%.12species are listed as the second order innational protection animals, and16species are listed as provincial protection birds,other50species and16species of birds are respectively listed in Sino-Japanesemigratory bird protection agreement and Sino-Australian migratory bird protectionagreement. Four species such as Grus grus, Aquila clanga, Oenanthe isabellina andOenanthe hispanica were firstly recorded in study area.2. According to the geographical and vegetation in Weishan Lake, study areawere divided into four habitats such as swamp water, secondary forest, farmland andresidential areas. The composition of bird community in various habitats was different.The number of bird species in swamp water was the most, and lowest in residents.However, the density of birds in the residents was largest, and the lowest in secondaryforest.The result of analysis on the diversity of bird communities showed thatShannon-wiener and Pielou indexes were highest in late spring, and lowest in late fall.The number of bird species and density were highest in winter and lowest in earlyspring. Shannon-wiener indexes decreased gradually from swamp water, thensecondary forest and farmland, to settlement community, while Pielou indexesdecreased from swamp water, farmland, secondary forest and settlement community.The similarity coefficient was highest between farmland and secondary forestcommunities, and lowest between swamp water and settlement communities. Comparing results of Shannon-wiener diversity index and the Pielou uniformity indexof bird diversity in different season indicated that bird diversity is different indifferent seasons. There was a significant diffence in bird diversity between fourseasons. The diversity index and uniformity index of birds in late spring is the highest,in autumn is the lowest. As for the composition of bird community, the number ofPasseriformes was the largest which accounted for66.77%, while that ofCuculiformes was the least which accounted for0.07%. The change of the number ofAnseriformes, Ciconiiformes and Charadriiformes were the most in different seasons.The seasonal change of bird community in swamp water was greater than in otherhabitats.3. Results of study on the relationship between characteristic of bird communityand environmental factors showed that distance to the residents correlated with birddiversity, species and the number of birds extremely significant, distance to the roadand the plant coverage correlated with birds diversity significantly, the number ofartificial lakes, percentage of water area and the water depth correlated with the birddiversity significantly. The evenness of bird community was positive correlated to thenumber of the vehicle though per hour, and the number of bird was positive correlatedto the cover of depth water.4. According to the above results of the study, in order to improve wetlandquality, wetland restoration should be carried out in the area far away residents androads. The basic research of the bird in Weishan Lake should also be strengthen toprovide the scientific basis for the protection of birds, Habitat of winter migratorybirds should be further improved in order to proctet important birds in study area.