Study On Planters Of Forestry In Qingshuijiang River

Qingshuijiang basin is the traditional artificial timber industry of southern China. It is rich in high-quality wood such as fir since the ancient times. It is also an area where the Dong, Miao and Han nationalities lived. Because of the convenience of Qingshui River, this area has been influenced by the Xiang Chu culture. Till the middle of Ming Dynasty, it has become a “shu miao” area where the Han nationality and the court trust. In mid-late Ming Dynasty, the timber trade sprang up in downstream region of Qingshui River. Thanks to the right place, the “san jiang”(Wangzhai, Maoping, Guazhi) of Jingping has became the economic center of downstream region of the Qingshui River in Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. By the middle of Guangxu Emperor, the “san jiang” has become the largest wood terminal center of Guizhou Province. The forestry ecological environment in Jingping area is in good condition in history. The forest coverage rate has been more than 60%. It also has a history of artificial timber industry for more than five hundred years. In the Yongzheng and Qianlong Period, the feudal forestry and commodity economy flourished. The artificial afforestation has become an economic behavior for the sustainable development of timber trade and for people's lives.Most of the Jingping contract documents came into being in the period from Kangxi Emperor of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China., especially in the period of the Qianlong Emperor to Daoguang Emperor. Its content involves the transfer of the ownership of forest land, rent out mountains for afforestation, revenue sharing, forestry and environmental protection, the mediation of forestry ownership dispute, etc.. It almost covers all aspects of social life. Because of the developed forestry trade, the documents mainly are forestry contract documents. In a forestry contract documents, there are four roles: the landlord, the planter, the intermediary, the scrivener. They do their jobs, and maintain the steady development of forestry in Qingshuijiang basin. In previous studies, scholars' and experts' research mainly concentrated in the law benefits and the planting technology of Chinese fir of Qingshuijiang documents. Few of them studies on the four roles. Therefore, this paper, aiming at this phenomenon, tries to analyse the planters from the source, rights, responsibilities and benefits from the perspective of functionalism, and unearthed that planters play a role as the main workers and the technician in artificial timber industry in Qingshuijiang basin.