Study On Integrated Fertilization Model Of Water And Fertilizer In Apple Orchard

China is the largest producer and consumer of apples in the world,and the planting area and production of apple account for more than 40% of the world's total,and it occupies an important position in the world's apple industry.Due to large-scale commercial cultivation technique is not perfect,lack of fruit management extensive,orchards,fertilization,leading to more nitrogen,phosphorus,less or no k phenomenon occurs frequently,this long-term high nitrogen,rich p,k fertilizer habits lead to less fruit nutrient supply imbalance,low fertilizer effect,yield and fruit quality are not ideal.Therefore,in the face of increasing competition in the global market,it is the key problem to be solved in apple's production to improve the level of apple cultivation technology,scientific management and reasonable fertilization.In view of the outstanding problems that exist in the orchard fertilization management,based on the method of nutrient balance and leaf nutrition diagnosis as theoretical basis,the comprehensive analysis of the orchard target yield and soil nutrient content,fertilizer nutrient content,leaf nutritional status factors,such as cucumber in orchard fertilization model is set up,according to the fruit trees grow in years cycle features and the regularity of fertilizer subdivided into eight fertilizing period,scientific guiding orchard fertilization,to improve the apple production and quality,the development of precision agriculture has important significance.The main research work and innovation are as follows:(1)The integrated fertilization model of orchard water fertilizer was proposed.First,comprehensive analysising method of nutrient balance of fruit trees fertilization model target yield and soil nutrient content,the utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilizer nutrient content four parameters as input of formula,calculation of total nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer,potash fertilizer.Secondly,analysis of different age of fruit trees grow in the years cycle characteristics and rules of fertilizer,fertilizing period,according to the different growth period fertilizer requirement will fertilization amount assigned to each application period,formulate reasonable fertilization system,base fertilization model is set up.Finally,using the leaf nutrition in detecting technology in fruit tree leaf nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium content of three kinds of element,diagnosis of fruit trees in each growth stage of NPK fertilizer demand status,the fertilization model based on dynamic adjustment,eventually orchard cucumber in fertilization model is set up.(2)The estimation model based on FCM-fuzzy clustering was proposed.The model with machine vision technology and FCM-the theory of the fuzzy clustering method,under the condition of natural acquisition flowering apple trees,using multiple color space to extract target flowers,complex background segmentation,contour extraction flowers characteristic value,using FCM-contour characteristic value data,fuzzy cluster analysis to establish models for predicting the amount of apple blossoms,a flower number,provide data support for early fruit yield estimate.(3)The early estimation method of yield based on fruit,flowers and leaves of tree was proposed.The estimation methods based on the number of fruit trees flower forecast,according to the apple tree flowers,fruit,leaf growth management regulations of flowers,flower bud and leaf bud,the quantitative relation between fruits,deduces the relationship between the number of flowers and fruits,and by the number of flowers assess fruit number range,combined with apple average weight estimation of fruit trees yield,complete production early estimates.(4)The experimental platform of integrated fertilizer system for orchard water and fertilizer was developed.The test platform with the single chip processor as the core controller,with static mixer as mixing apparatus,the water in the stepping motor control peristaltic pump and throttle valve adjustment into fertilizer consumption mixed with sewage sludge water inflow control,can accurately control mixing water.To verify the accuracy of the estimated rate of cucumber in fertilization models and rationality,in linyi city of shandong province phenomenon.the constant and choose one apple demonstration park orchard farm,with the method of controlled trials,to the same orchard respectively using fertilization model and local orchard normal fertilization empirical estimates of the fruit trees fertilization rate,the test results show that: Fertilizing experience because of strong subjectivity,which leads to the fertilizer rate floating is big,the fertilization model is based on normal growth and fertilizer requirement of fruit trees to estimate fertilizer rate,high objectivity,therefore fertilizer,floating small estimated results more accurate.Based on the results of fertilization,it is proved that the fertilization model can meet the demand of fruit trees.It shows that the fertilization model can reduce fertilizer waste to a certain extent.To sum up,the fertilization model outputs the fertilization accuracy to meet the target requirements,and can scientifically guide the fertilization of the orchard.