Research On The Routing Protocol For Energy Constrained Wireless Sensor Network

As an emerging technology,wireless sensor network(WSN)has a profound influence on human development.In many applications,sensor nodes that are in large scale are deployed in harsh environments,which makes the replacement of failed nodes either different or expensive.Consequently,energy efficiency is the most critical issue when designing a wireless sensor network routing protocol with the objective of prolonging the network lifetime.In general,routing protocols in wireless sensor network can be divided into flat-based routing protocol and hierarchical-based routing protocol.For the reason of performing better scalability and adaptability,the hierarchical-based routing protocol has become a hotspot of experts.This paper research the existing routing protocols and find that most protocols don't take the nodes' residual energy information and location information into consideration,what's more,they don't consider the cluster heads' high load,resulting in excessive energy consumption of the cluster heads.This paper focus on solving these problems,and the main works and innovations are introduced as follows:(1)In this paper,a novel wireless sensor clustering routing protocol(NWPSOCH)based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)is proposed.An improved PSO algorithm is used in the selection of cluster heads.PSO algorithm performs poorly in terms of local search with premature convergence,leading to the problem that the global optimal value and the actual theoretical value vary greatly.To solve this problem,a non-linear changing weight method is proposed.In the cluster heads' selection phase,the residual energy of the nodes,the communication consumption in the cluster and the communication consumption with the base station are taken into account.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can reduce the network energy consumption efficiently and improve the performance of the network.(2)In order to reduce the high load of cluster heads,this paper propose a load balancing WSN routing protocol(IPSO-RL)based on improved particle swarm optimization.Firstly,relay nodes are used to offload the energy consumption of cluster heads.They collect data from all the cluster member and transfer to the relay nodes which then relay the data to the base station.Secondly,Then,two fitness functions are generated which determine whether a node is selected as a cluster head or a relay node,in consideration of both their location and residual energy.At last,an improved PSO algorithm is used to achieve the optimum solution.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs well against other comparative protocols in various scenarios.