The Network Topology Construction And Transmission Management Scheme For EH-WSNs

Sensors have the very wide application in our daily life, liking wearable device, smart home, environmental monitor, and military surveillance etc. The portability and their low power consumption make the sensors more and more popular. Unfortunately, these advantages of the sensors also cause great challenge to the wireless sensor networks (WSNs),which is made up by lots of sensors, and the great challenge including the more complexity of the network topology, for example the limited energy the sensor can store, the lower transmission power, and the complexity of the network topology etc. Limited energy is always a barrier for the traditional wireless sensors. Luckily, the sensors with energy harvesting have been well developed to overcome the shortage of the traditional wireless sensors. Unfortunately, the new challenge for the energy harvesting enable wireless sensor shows up to influence the development of the energy harvesting enabled wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs).The first one is the uneven harvested energy of sensors, which is caused by the variation distribution of the energy sources; the un-uniform energy consumption caused by the uneven traffic load of the network is another concern. Both factors have great influence on the energy distribution of the networks. In this paper, the energy harvesting model of the sensor node is studied and well investigated firstly, and then this scheme takes care of the boundary nodes effect and quick data forwarding in energy harvesting enabled wireless sensor networks. The energy harvest rate and the number of hops to cluster head (CH) also contribute to the scheme as metrics when the cluster member (CM) needs to choose one CH from multiple CHs. Furthermore, the directional packets forwarding in intra-cluster is adopted as well for the economic energy usage. With the attempt to balance the energy usage among CH and its CMs, adaptive transmission power allocation scheme is implemented for the data forwarding among intimate nodes and communications among CHs.Meanwhile, for realizing the efficient energy utilization and improving the performance of EH-WSNs, two transmission management schemes,Markov decision based packets aggregation allocation (MDPA) and partial Kalman filter with best-match aggregation (PKBPA), are proposed respectively in this paper. MDPA focuses on the node's own energy capabilities to decide the packets number for aggregation, while PKBPA decides the number of packets to be aggregated and transmitted based on the estimated energy state information of the node and its next hop node.Verified via OPNET simulation platform, the proposed scheme outperforms the comparing schemes.