A Study About Livelihood Adjustment Of The Hong-xing First Pasture Kazak Herdsmen

As a new branch of anthropology,The Environmental Anthropology has a wide range of theoretical sources;it look at the environment problem with a more diverse perspective and focus on the power,culture and history of the environment problem.Since the 1980 s,due to natural and man-made factors the grassland ecological environment in northern China gradually deteriorated,and it had a negative impact on the production and life of herdsmen.In response to the negative impact of the deterioration of the grassland ecological environment on the Kazakh pastoral society,the government has taken a series of measures.These measures bring the way of livelihoods of the herdsmen to "diversification" and "go to the grazing".In this case,the ecological problems of grassland and the way of livelihood change of herders in northern pastoral areas of China have become the topic of concern.In this study,The Hong-xing First Pasture is the point of investigation,the interaction between the change of the livelihood of the Kazakh herdsmen and the changes of the local natural and social environment in the past 60 years from the perspective of The Environmental Anthropology was carried out by means of participation in observation,in-depth interviews and questionnaires.At the same time,this paper explore the local grassland ecological environment deterioration and the causes of pastoral poverty and other issues.On this basis,this paper discusses how to solve the problem of deterioration of the ecological environment of grassland and the poverty of pastoralists in The Hong-xing First Pasture.This paper consists of six parts.The introduction part includes the research origin,the related research review and the research method.In the first chapter,the historical changes of The Hong-xing First Pasture and the changes of the natural ecological environment are introduced in detail.The second chapter describes the characteristics of animal husbandry in the pastoral aspects from the establishment of the Hong-xing First Pasture from 1959 to 1984 in the past four aspects of the pastoral activities of pastures,grassland,livestock and pastures.The The third chapter analyzes the state power factors in the adjustment of the livelihood of the pastoralists in the Hong-xing First Pasture,and analyzes The household responsibility system,the herding policy and the grassland ecological environment protection policy to the local Kazakh herdsmen's livelihood mode from the perspective of The Environmental Anthropology.The fourth chapter analyzes the influence of the market mechanism on the production and life of the local herdsmen and the strategies of the herdsmen to adapt to the market mechanism.The paper also discusses the change of the local herdsmen's environmental concept and livelihood concept under the influence of the market mechanism.The sixth part is the conclusion of this article,that is,on the national livelihood of the adjustment of The Environmental Anthropology aspects of thinking.Based on field work and from the perspective of The Environmental Anthropology,this study draws the following conclusions:1.The factors that influence the way of ethnic group's livelihood are complex and diverse.In the process of modernization of China,the influence of the social environment on the livelihood of ethnic minorities is becoming more and more important.2.The grassland ecological environment is not only an environmental problem,but also a social problem related to the development of local government and the protection of traditional ethnic group culture.The ecological environment of grassland in northern China is often accompanied by the social phenomenon of herdsman poverty.To solve the current problems in our pastoral areas,we should respect local culture,and let local residents take part in the development;at the same time we should take many measures such as policy,economic and local culture.3.The whole process of the adjustment of the livelihood of the pastoralists is the process of the interaction between the local herdsmen and the society and the natural environment.This process is not only a way for the local herdsmen to change their livelihoods in the external society and the natural environment,but also the adjustment made by the herdsmen under the change of the natural and social environment,and the herders are different in the process of adjusting the livelihood mode in different periods.From one side reflects the process of modernization in our country and the local community interaction.