Suzhou Impression:the Relationship Between The State And The City During Ming And Qing From Local Writings

The relationship between the state and the city is an important issue in the historiography of Ming and Qing Dynasties.For a long time,the study of the ancient Chinese city history has been deeply influenced by Max Weber.In order to get rid of this influence,scholars have made a lot of efforts.At present,the academic circles basically form two research models.One classifies Chinese ancient cities.The essence of this classification is to oppose the city and the state,to seek "anti feudalism" in the developed cities and towns,emphasizing its commercial nature,not bureaucracy and political nature.The other is that the city and the state are symbiotic,and the "symbiotic relationship" between the ancient Chinese industrial and commercial cities and the state surpassed the conflict of interest,and Suzhou is a representative.The academic circles have realized that only by reexamining the status and role of political factors and state power in the development of Chinese cities in the Ming and Qing dynasties can the theory of the localization of the city be established and the influence of Weber should be completely rid of.In the past studies,Suzhou was seen as an economic city or an industrial and commercial city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties because of its economic prosperity.But compared with western cities,ancient Chinese cities mainly assume military and political functions.Therefore,in the study of the relationship between Chinese cities and the state in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it is better to face the status and function of the political factors than to avoid the political attributes of the cities deliberately.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Suzhou had a high administrative position,and in the middle of Qing Dynasty,it had competed with Nanjing secretly.For Suzhou,where economic and political development is common,we must not simply analyze the two elements of political and economic opposition.The definition of Suzhou attribute is based on the comprehensive analysis of a large number of historical data.However,in order to understand the city identity in Chinese history,it is necessary to put the text in a reasonable historical context and stand on the point of view of the local people to analyze the purpose and position of the local writing.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Suzhou area was economically developed,cultural prosperity,leaving a large number of local literature,rich in text and image data.On the basis of this,I think that,on the basis of the great economic achievement of Suzhou city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,taking the urban cultural content as poetry,image and landscape as the breakthrough point,it is helpful to understand the city impression of Suzhou in the context of economic prosperity and the influence of the state power on the city culture,so as to explore the relationship between the state and the city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This article is divided into three parts.The first part,starting from the text,interprets the urban writing in the poetry of Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Suzhou has developed industrial and commercial industry and has become the national economic center.However,the literati still emphasize the political status of Suzhou in the history of China when he writes local writing.The poetry of Suzhou has followed the ancient Chinese traditional historical writing mode,attaches great importance to the history of the old capital which has been annihilated,and tries to construct the native narrative system of emperors,and integrates the local history of Suzhou into the grand narrative of the history of the monarchy.While the urban economy flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the local narration in Suzhou weakened the urban economy,and continuedthe traditional mode since the Western Jin Dynasty and failed to produce the corresponding transformation.The image of Suzhou in poetry and song reflects the construction of the city with the political attribute as the core.The second part starts with the image and analyzes the urban view of Suzhou'sscenic spot in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty,with the revival of local consciousness,the Wu School painting school has set off an upsurge in describing the scenic spots of Suzhou.To the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the "Eight Views of Xiaoxiang”style scenic spot travel mode was established in Suzhou,and the collective memory centered on Suzhou City was built.In the late Ming Dynasty,the painter drew on the capital plan of the riverside map of Qingming,and created the new urban landscape,which reflected the close connection between the city sense and the capital in the eyes of the people.After the southern tour of Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty,the image of Suzhou's traditional scenic spots was developed into a collection of scenic spots with the theme of Southern tour.The successful commercial success of the scenic spot series reflects the acceptance and cater of the local authority to the imperial power.From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,the transformation of urban cultural discourse power in Suzhou's scenic image reflects the important position of political factors and state power in the urban outlook.The third part starts with the material landscape to explore the urban development of Suzhou's landscape culture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Since the late Ming Dynasty,Tiger Hill has developed from urban public space and leisure places to mass tourist attractions,and mass culture and elite culture have collided and fused in Tiger Hill.In the Ming Dynasty,the landscape construction and cultural shaping of Tiger Hill were jointly participated by monks,literati and local officials,but no disruptive changes occurred.During the Qing Dynasty,the southern tour of Kangxi and Qianlong made a reshaping of Tiger Hill,and Tiger Hill developed from a local scenic spot to a monarch.However,after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom war,Tiger Hill,which had experienced chaos,had not been rebuilt in large scale.The transformation of landscape shape and cultural identity in Tiger Hill during Ming and Qing reflects the indispensable role of state power in the shaping of urban landscape.As one of the landmarks of Suzhou,changes in Tiger Hill also reflect the important role of political factors and national strength in urban development.In terms of historical data,this article has found a kind of poetry with "Wu Qu Xing" paradigm.In addition to the basic historical materials such as local chronicles and anthology,this article also uses a large number of image data,firstly to make a more comprehensive arrangement of the scenic image in Suzhou,which is one of the features of this article.