A Research Of Economic Life Of The Eight Banners Garrison In Jingzhou In The Qing Dynasty

The Eight Banners Garrison in Jingzhou was established in the reign of Kangxi twenty-two years(1683),its establishment originated in the Revolt of the Three Feudatories.In the process of put down the rebellion,Jingzhou,with its unique geographical advantage,effectively resist the rebels,played an important role in the war.Because of its important military strategic position,the Qing government sent the officers and soldiers who are Manchu and Mongolian to Jingzhou to stationed after the war.At the time,the Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison was formally set up.Jingzhou was stationed in the garrison with 4,000 soldiers,all of which were Manchu and Mongolian officers and soldiers.In addition to the troops,the total population should be more than 20,000,along with their dependents and their families and servants.It can be seen that has a huge scale and important status.As the focus of the Qing Dynasty in the garrison,the Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison plays an important role in the Qing Dynasty throughout the garrison system.The Eight Banners Garrison in Jingzhou,had been existed more than two hundred years from its establishment to the end.As the Garrison in Jingzhou had survived so many years,the economy life was the root factor which guarantees its vitality.The Eight Banners Garrison in Jingzhou,as an important part of the eight banners,is of great significance for the research.At present,there are few studies on the economic life of the Eight Banners Garrison in Jingzhou,which are scattered in some books and papers,and there are not specialized research.The current study of the Jingzhou eight banners in garrison in the Qing dynasty,mainly focus on establishing,ethnic relations,school education and the transformation of the revolution,etc.The research is for the lack of economic life.The article is divided into several important parts about the composition of the economic life of the garrison : arable land of the Banners,income,measures for economy and social security in the perspective of the economic life of Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison.The article is divided into the following sections:The first is the introduction.The paper firstly discusses the basic situation of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou from the perspective of the establishment of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou,the importance of military status,the importance of the research of economic life.And then it points out the meaning of the topic,the scope and method of the research,and the relevant research results are reviewed and summarized at the end of the part.The second part is the arable land of the Eight Banners.This chapter begins with the establishment of the banners of the Qing dynasty,and basically sums up the concept and formation process of the land system.On the basis,the land of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou is further introduced.In Jingzhou,there are two main types of flag-guard,namely,the land of the horse and the righteousness.There are two main types of banners land,namely,the pasture and the public cemetery.This is different from the traditional banner-guard,which is directly assigned to the soldiers.At the latter time of the garrison,the pasture which was used for grazing horses before was recruited.The reason for the reclamation was that the horses were unable to adjust to the southern environment and were easy to death.In order to relieve the economic pressure,the garrison cut the number of horses for several times.As a result,the horse was reduced and a large number of horse lands were idle.The land was hired for a rent later.The income that is obtained from reclamation is beneficial to the economy of the eight banners.The purchase of the public land for the funeral of the poor is partly a relief to the economic pressure of the garrison.The third part is the salary of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou.The rate of pay is the main source of economic income of the garrison.The chapter is divided into two sections:the salaries of the garrison officers and the salaries of the general soldiers.The main components of the total annual income and economic income is introduced respectively.By comparing and summarizing the income of the two,the overall condition of the income of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou in Qing Dynasty was summarized.The fourth part is the economic hardship and institutional adjustment of the Eight Banners in Jingzhou.The article firstly summarizes the economic problems of the Jingzhou Eight Banners,which is summarized as the population growth,the corruption of the officials,the financial crisis and the lance of the soldiers.On this basis,the author discusses the root causes of the economic problems,that is,the malpractice of the systerm.Then,it further summarizes the measures to adjust the economy life,specifically for the additional troops,public funds "business interest",organizing factories and craft schools,organizing schools,create a new army,organization donations.The economic difficulties which the Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison is facing are not the local problems,but generally occurs in the whole country.The Qing government made a lot of efforts to solve economic problems.Through a series of economic adjustment measures,the livelihood problem of Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison have been alleviated,but they have not been fundamentally solved.Section five is social security.It is a kind of supplement to the economic life of the Eight Banners by borrowing money to the people in the garrison,rewarding and carting.However,with the downfall of the Qing dynasty,the social security system of Jingzhou in Qing dynasty gradually collapsed.After the revolution of 1911,the economic life of the Jingzhou garrison was greatly changed.The arable land of the Banners,income,measures for economy and social security are the most important part of the economic life of the Jingzhou Eight Banners Garrison.In the process of the research,it is needed to have an in-depth discussion for these aspects.Limited to the reasons for the lack of historical data,there are still many deficiencies in the article,which need continuous improvement by carefully collecting historical data.