Research On Eight Banners In Garrison In Shandong Province Of Qing

The eight banners system is an important part of the military system in QingDynasty. After entering the army, the eight banners soldier is divided into eight bannersin Beijing and the eight banners garrison. The eight banners in Beijing protected thecentral in Beijing region; the eight banners garrisons were assigned in those importantpass, roads and military towns over the country in order to maintain the rule of the Qinggovernment in place. Eleven years in Shunzhi period (1654), the Qing governmentofficially stationed permanent troops by the eight banners garrison in Dezhou Shandong,coordinating the eight banners in Beijing. From then on, it became an important part inthe military system of the Qing dynasty. During Yongzheng, the establishment of theeight banners garrison in Shandong made the military power of Qing governmentreached the top; it played a major role in the crackdown on domestic rebellion andforeign invasion.This paper begins with the reason and overview of the establishment of the eightbanners garrison system, and introduced the background and evolvement of the eightbanners garrison in Shandong. It also analyzes the history, customs and location ofShandong about the eight banners garrison in Shandong province in Qing Dynasty, andexplains the reason about building the eight banners garrison in Dezhou, Shandong. Thepaper dissects the reason about the eight banners garrison in Qingzhou during Yongzhengperiod in two aspects. The first reason is relieving the livelihood problem of the eightbanners in Beijing, the other reason is strengthening the military control to Shandong.And then the paper studies the organization system of the eight banners garrison.This paper also focuses on the function and contribution of the eight bannersofficials in Shandong province. In the maintenance of the central government nationalsecurity, officials in the eight banners show their bravery and fearless spirit. At the sametime, it also discusses their daily life in the history of the eight banners garrison inShandong, including the wage, security and imperial examination, etc. Finally the paperstates the reason of decline of the eight banners garrison in Shandong in Qing Dynasty. Ifocus on the deterioration on archery skill and livelihood problem of officers and soldiers in eight banners garrison. To summarized the paper, it will give an objective evaluationof the impact in national development of the eight banners garrison in Shandong in Qingdynasty.