A Study On Zhang Zai

The Western Jin Dynasty was established in 265 and destroyed by the former Zhao in 316.Its dominion was only fifty years.However, in this short period of fifty years,many literary men appeared.Such as Zhang Hua,Fu Xuan,Fu Xian who were in high places,and the men leeched on to Jia Mi who were called “Twenty-Four Friends”.And besides them,there were also other people,just like Zhang Zai,Zhang Xie,Zhang Kang,who were considered to be the representative of “Taikang literature” by Zhong Rong.After consulting the current academic research results on Zhang Zai,the author has not found systematic academic work.So based on the current situation of academic research,combined with all kinds of information,this article is to carry out a full range of research on Zhang Zai and his works.This article is divided into three parts,including preface, straight matter and conclusion. The preface part mainly elaborates the selected reason of this topic, the present situation of the academic research, the research method and the innovation of this article, and the research content of this topic. The conclusion part is about the author’s overall impression of Zhang Zai through writing this article, and the difficulties encountered in writing this article, as well as the defects of this article. The straight matter part is divided into four chapters, which are analysis of Zhang Zai and his works from four aspects.The first chapter is divided into two sections,which is about the life and works of Zhang Zai. The first section is the textual research on native place,name of father,birth and death years, and the career of Zhang Zai. Native place:After analyzing several popular native view and the history record of Zhang Zai,the author infers that his native place is Anping. Name of father:According to the record of “Jin Shu”,“Huayang Guo Zhi Jiao Zhu”,“Yizhou Ming Hua Lu”,as well as the views of Jiang Jianyun,Yu Shiling,the author points out that Zhang Shou and Zhang Mu is the same person(In this article, he is called Zhang Shou).Birth and death years:According to the view of Lu Kanru(in his book “Zhong Gu Wen Xue Shi Xi Nian”),and the record of “Jin Shu·Zhang Zai Zhuan”,the author points out that he was born in about 250 and dead in about 310. The career:After analyzing the works of Zhang Zai,this part infers that he was first served for the emperor “hui”,and points out that he held the post of “Zuo Zhu Zuo Lang”, “Feixiang Ling”,“ Zhu Zuo Lang”, “ Tai Zi Zhong She Ren ”,was relating to Fu Xian.That he held the post of “Lean Xiang”,“Changsha Wang Ji Shi Du”,“Zhong Shu Shi Lang”,was relating to Sima Yi who was the king of Changsha.That he held the post of “Zhu Zuo Lang” again,was relating to the emperor “huai”.Combined with the record of“Sui Shu· Jing Ji Zhi”,“Jiu Tang Shu·Jing Ji Zhi”,“Xin Tang Shu·Yi Wen Zhi”,“Han Wei Liu Chao Bai San Jia Ji”,“Quan Shang Gu San Dai Qin Han San Guo Liu Chao Wen”,“Xian Qin Han Wei Jin Nan Bei Chao Shi”,the second section illustrates the writings of Zhang Zai.The second chapter discusses the literary creation and ideological style of Zhang Zai. This chapter is divided into three sections, which is based on the creation time of the works of Zhang Zai. The first section(before he served) presents his ideas for the state and the people,which is shown by his works,such as“Ping Wu Song”(emphasize the strength of the country),“Jian Ge Ming”(warn people to act dutifully),“Xu Xing Fu”(don’t interested in seclusion),“Deng Chengdu Bai Tu Lou”(praise the livelihood of people),“Que Lun”(will to contribute),“Ni Si Chou Shi”(desire to serve).The second section(when he was served) presents one idea that if the government rules well,he will serve for it.if not,he will seclude.The idea is shown by his works like “Meng Si Chi Fu”(find a way out), “Zeng Si Li Fu Xian Shi”(grate for the man who appreciated him),“Yu Shan Fu”(song of praise for common items in life),“Ling Jiu Fu”(stress the moderate drinking),“Zhao Yin Shi”(express the joy of seclusion).The third section(when he was in seclusion) presents one idea that the important thing in life is to live,which is shown by his works,just like“Qi Ai Shi”(feel sad for the impasse),“Zeng Yu Xian Du Shi”(Miss his old friend),“Ling Xiang Yun Tian Ji”(feel sad for the loss of time).The third chapter analyzes the language features of his works, which is divided into two parts: rhetoric skill and language style.The first section introduces the four rhetoric in the works of Zhang Zai,including metaphor, allusion, hyperbole and antithesis. In the second section, the life Zhang Zai is divided into two stages, the early stage and the later stage.The early stage refers to the time that he has not been secluded.The language style of this stage is fresh and clean.The later stage is after he secluded. The language style of this stage is quaint and rustic.The fourth chapter describes the causes of his personality and literary style, which is divided into three section,including regions, family and friends.The first Section discusses the link between the regions(“Anping”, “Luoyang”, “Chengdu”) and his personality, literary style. The second section points out that Zhang Shou, Zhang Xie, Zhang Kang has a great influence on Zhang Zai,after analyzing their literary achievements. The third section points out that friends have influence on Zhang Zai in the creation as well as official.