Research On Xiong Cilv's XueTong

During the transition from Ming to Qing dynasty, people tended to be practical and pragmatic rather than empty and idle, as the sprout of capitalism emerged, the change of dynasty was reflected, the early enlightenment thinking rose. After Qing dynasty was founded, the governor vigorously advocated Confucianism and Cheng-Zhu's Neo-Confucianism in order to achieve the unity of politics, culture and economy. Thus,'by Wang back Zhu' became the academic mainstream in that time. In such background, XiongCilv reiterated Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions. He advocated to strictly explaining Confucianism and worshiped Zhu rather than Wang. This ideology proposed was firmly implemented in Xiong's lifetime academic work, namely XueTong.Currently, the academia has performed researches on the compiling intention, writing style and ideological characteristics of XueTong. And some achievements have been made. However, the investigations on the thought of Confucian Orthodoxy, the Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions, as well as on the effects of these thoughts are still lacked. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform systematic analysis and comprehensive summary of the thought of Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions, which would be focused on Xiong's work, i.e., XueTong.This thesis firstly summarized the representative Confucians' viewpoints about Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions. Such summary is beneficial for us to understand the ideological origin of Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions. Though the points made by the Confucians are a little different from each other, the ideological essence of Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions is consistent. Namely, Confucian Orthodoxy mainly discusses the way toward orthocore and sincerity. Academic Tradition argues for the acquisition of knowledge via investigations, while Governing Conceptions focuses on the affairs about 'self-cultivation, family harmony and country management'.Based on these former scholars' thoughts, Xiong wrote XueTong in which individual opinions on Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions were proposed. Xiong's Confucian Orthodoxy talked about the truth, sincerity and good nature. Moreover, Xiong's Academic Tradition argues for the thoughts of specificity and practice. For Governing Conceptions, Xiong put forward the strategy combining punishment and governance, education and law. In order to protect Confucian Orthodoxy, Xiong firmly adore Zhu rather than Wang; advocate Confucianism rather than Buddhism and Taoism.XiongCilv is a faithful advocator of Neo-Confucianism. Because Xiong suggested that the country should be governed by using Neo-Confucianism, he was highly appreciated by Emperor Kangxi. As a result, XueTong was popularized all over the country, and the thoughts of Confucian Orthodoxy, Academic Tradition and Governing Conceptions had significant impact on the reestablishment of the national ideology and the social and moral order in early Qing dynasty. The academic circles in early Qing dynasty were also affected by Xiong's proposition with different degree. The history reflection and recognition value of this thesis is exploring the impact of academic research on the social dominant ideology and the reestablishment of the social and moral order.