The Research Of Medical Administration And Folk Medical In The Early And Middle Periods Of The Qing Dynasty

The qing dynasty was a watershed moment.It had important development achievements in the fields of Wenbin,herbology,etc.However,in folk medicine,there are still serious conflicts between doctors and patients,and medical ethics.And it made the Chinese medicine is in danger under the impact of western medicine in late qing dynasty.The medical administration and folk medical during the Daoguang and before were very different from the later periods of Qing Dynasty but close.On the other hand,the medical administration and folk medical closely related to each other.Therefore,this article focuses on the medical administration and folk medical in the early and middle periods of the Qing Dynasty which is during the Daoguang and before.The references in this article mainly include qngshiu,doqinghuidian,Qingshigao,difangzhi as well as different kinds of collected works,notes,novels and medical cases.The paper studys the development of medical administration and folk medicine in the middle and early Qing Dynasty from these aspects which are about the central medical administration,local medical system,group of doctors,medical ethics,relationship of doctor and patient as well as Medical fashion.Based on this,the influences of medical administration on folk medicine are discussed.The medical administration during the middle and early Qing Dynasty was divided into two aspects:the central medical administration centered on Taiyiyuan and the local medical syetem,But both are separate and independent of each other.In qing dynasty,the former became the medical institution of royal centralization.The Qing government strengthened its control.The power of Taiyiyuan was increasingly divided by Neiwufu.In the end,It declined-with the decline of the Qing Dynasty.Its responsibility was mainly around the royal aristocracy.In addition,it also served the military,the penal department,the ministers of the royal government as well as the imperial examinations under the command of the emperor.However,It had no management power over local medical administration and no management responsibility.The latter,on the other hand,declined due to the indifference of the rulers.Through the investigation of the economic,cultural and medical center at that time——the Jiangnan region which included Suzhou,Songjiang,Changzhou,Zhenjiang,Hangzhou,Jiaxing,huzhou,and with reference to the relevant records of Difangzhi in other areas,we found that most of the medical administration had decayed.The medical departments were mostly abandoned.The functions and deeds of medical officers were unknown.Medical officers were mostly in the house,and even some had already been abolished.The position of medical of:ficer is almost non-existent.The decline of local medical administration had made the huge folk medical market almost in a state of laissez-faire.There were no o any form of educational assessment or corresponding practice regulations for medical practitioners.Therefore,anyone could be listed for practice,and the medical industry had become an industry with almost no threshold and a great degree of openness.On the other hand,in the middle and early Qing dynasty,because of various reasons,there were many medical practitioners.But Chinese medicine was extremely intensive and extensive.It was difficult to obtain the essence of non-working hardships.As a result,in the absence of a certain education and appraisal system,the medicaly groups that had flowed into the folk medical market were often mixed,and the medical techniques varied widely.There were doctors in the middle and upper classes such as Shiyi,Ruyi as well as marginalized doctors such as Caozeyi,women doctors,and religious practitioners.lt was also full of highly skilled and virtuous doctors as well as bad doctors such as Shiyi.Cor sequently,the problem of medical ethics was serious.Doctors were not good at medicine,but they were good at mercenary and deceiving.They were not proficient in pharmacology,so they often took the wrong medicine and liked prescribing heavy medicine and expensive medicine.Coupled with the prevalence of counterfeit drugs,people were disgusted by it.The civil society also spontaneously arose to the exhortation for warning the physician by editing or publishing Medical books and Shanshu.These problems led to a sharp contradiction between doctors and patients at that time.The patient lacked trust in the physician and had many worries.lt was not uncommon to choose doctors,try doctors,make doctors trapped and change doctors.Coupled with the participation of other people,the diagnosis and treatment showed a multi-game state,which seriously affected the development of medical activities.Both the patient and the doctor are suffering from it,and complaints are constantly,At that time,the most hated problem of quack doctors,due to the lack of official attention and less desirable legal enforcement,resulted in the low cost of medical crimes and the proliferation of quack medicine.Therefore,in the middle and upper middle class at that time,the belief that "disease does not take medicine,often get traditional Chinese medicine" was extremely common.While among the poor people in the lower classes,because of the unbalanced medical resources and the high cost of deferring medical advice,they often could only resort to praying without taking medicine.Although there were a lot of benevolent doctors who applied medicine to poor people or published medical prescription,It was far from enough.The revitalization of medical administration is an indispensable measure to strengthen the management of the folk medical market,reorganize the medical order,and improve the medical environment.The influence of the decline of medical administration in the middle and early Qing dynasties on folk medical treatment,the failure of Chinese medicine in the late Qing Dynasty under the impact of Western medicine.,and the promotion of traditional Chinese medicine reform and the rise of the medical revitalization in the late Qing Dynasty all illustrate the importance of a good medical administration in the country.