Effects Of Atmospheric Pollutans On Children’s Outpatient Visits Of Respiratory System In In Chongqing

ObjectiveTo investigate the airborne pollutants effects of PM10,PM2.5,Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide on the daily respiration of children’s respiratory system in Chongqing city.The effect of air pollutants on the daily outpatient visits of children in different seasons was analyzed.MethodsThe outpatient amount of respiratory diseases in children in Chongqing Children Hospital from June 1,2015 to May 31,2016 was collected from the main urban area of Chongqing.The PM10,fine particulate pollutants PM2.5,Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide,Sulfur dioxide monitoring concentrations,and daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature and other meteorological data of the same period were collected.Spearman Correlation Analysis was used to explore the relationship between the daily outpatient visits of respiratory system in children and the concentrations of The PM10,PM2.5,Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide,Sulfur dioxide.Then Semi-parametric Generalized Additive Model(SGAM)was used to quantify the effects between the daily outpatient visits of respiratory system in children and pollutants with the lag effects of 0 to 5 days based on the control of confounding factors,such as the meteorological factors,the day-of week effects,the seasons and time effects.ResultsThe average concentrations of PM10,PM2.5,Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide in the main urban area of Chongqing from June 1,2015 to May 31,2016 were 73.305±30.539 μg/m~3,49.200±23.848 μg/m~3,85.800±48.613 μg/m~3,42.422±11.138 μg/m~3,and 14.106±5.425 μg/m~3.The distribution of pollutants is seasonal.The outpatient amount of respiratory system in children in Chongqing city is positively correlated with PM2.5,Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide(r=0.1260,P=0.0159、r=0.1362,P=0.0091、r=0.2212,P<.0001,respectively),and negatively correlation with Ozone and average temperature(r=-0.4189,P<.0001、r=-0.4919,P<.0001).The mean temperature was negatively correlated with outpatient volume,PM2.5,Nitrogen dioxide,and Sulfur dioxide(r=-0.4919,P<.0001、r=-0.2078,P<.0001、r=-0.1534,P=0.0033、r=-0.3574,P<.0001,respectively),and was positively correlated with Ozone(r=0.6727,P<.0001).Based on the control of meteorological factors,week effect,seasonal transformation and other factors with time,PM10,PM2.5,Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide have a lag effect on children’s daily respiratory system.Lag 2 and 4 contributes the most interests of prediction on PM10.The amount of respiratory system outpatients increased by 0.128%(t=2.66,P=0.0085)for each a 10 μg/m~3(lag2)increase of PM10 concentration,and by 0.187%(t=2.95,P=0.0035)for every 10 μg/m~3(lag2)PM2.5 concentration.The amount of respiratory system outpatients increased by 0.121%(t=2.65,P=0.0086)、0.562%(t=3.87,P=0.0001)、1.020%(t=3.20,P=0.0016)for each a 10μg/m~3(lag2)increase of Ozone,Nitrogen dioxide and Sulfur dioxide concentration.The lag effects of seasons were different,and the lag of pollutants in spring is quite different,PM10,PM2.5,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide lag of 1 day,ozone lag period of 4 days fitted better.The lag of the summer is more than 2 days,the Nitrogen dioxide,and Sulfur dioxide retardation is 2 days,and the PM10 is 5 days.Autumn lag period was not more than 2 days,Sulfur dioxide lag 0 days,PM10,PM2.5,Nitrogen dioxide lag 2 fitted better.Winter lag is shorter,no more than 1 dayConclusionsIn this study,the effects of PM10,PM2.5,ozone,nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide on the respiratory health of children were discussed.The air pollutants in the main urban area of Chongqing have an effect on the number of outpatients in children with respiratory diseases,that the higher the level of airborne particulate contamination,the more the number of outpatients in children with respiratory diseases.There was a lag effect.Different seasonal airborne pollutants have different effects on the amounts of outpatients of children with respiratory diseases,and the lag effects is also different.