| Part One Time-Series Analysis of Association between Particle Number Concentrations and Daily Outpatient Number for Respiratory DiseasesObjective: Associations of size-fractionated particle number concentrations(PNCs) and daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases in Wuhan residents were investigated.Methods: Data on daily average number concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.25-10?m, daily meteorological indicator(including temperature and humidity) and daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases of the partial municipal hospitals in Wuhan, China were collected during the period from January to December in the year 2014. Associations between the PNCs and daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases were analyzed using a time-series analysis with a generalized additive model.Results: Results from the single-pollutant models showed that as the PNC0.25-0.5 increased by each 10 particles/cm3, the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases were increased by 0.11%(95%CI: 0.01%~0.20%) for total population and 0.16%(95%CI: 0.05%~0.27%) for males, but no influence of the PNC0.25-0.5 was found on the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases in females. As the PNC0.5-1.0 increased by each 10 particles/cm3, the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases were increased by 1.59%(95%CI: 0.44%~2.76%) for total population, 2.16%(95%CI: 0.88~3.45%) for males and 1.19%(95%CI: 0.12%~2.28%) for females, respectively. The excess relative risks of the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases were increased by 0.10%(95%CI: 0.03%~0.16%) for total population, 0.09%(95%CI: 0.01%~0.16%) for males and 0.11%(95%CI: 03%~0.19%) for females; as the PNC1.0-2.5 increased by each 10 particles/L. Results from the double-pollutant models showed that, associations between the PNC0.5-1.0 and the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases were generally stable for total population and the males, after adjustment for the mass concentrations of particulate matter less than 10?m in aerodynamic diameter(PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5?m in aerodynamic diameter(PM2.5), sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)(P<0.05 for all). However, association was only found between the PNC0.25-0.5 and the daily outpatient number for respiratory diseases in the males(P<0.05).Conclusions: Daily number concentrations of particulate matter less than 1.0?m in aerodynamic diameter(PM1.0) was associated with the daily outpatient numbers for respiratory diseases in total population or in the males, after adjustment for daily mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2.Part Two Effects of Fine Particulate Matter on the Levels of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Lung Function among City ResidentsObjective: Impacts of outdoor fine particles concentration on values of fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide(Fe NO) and lung function in the city redisents living in Wuhan city, China were investigated.Method: This study were conducted during the two contrasting seasons(winer and summer, between October 2014 and Auguest 2015). We recruited subjects(n=1027) who lived in Wuhan city, China for at least five years. The participants live in the two communities(Houhu community in the Jiangan district and Qingchuan community in the Hanyang district) in Wuhan metropolitan area, China. Data were collected by interview using the questionnaire, including sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics(such as educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption) and personal disease histories. A physical examination was performed on all participants according to the established standard methods, including measurements of height, weight, fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide(Fe NO), vital capacity(VC), forced vital capacity(FVC) and peak expiratory flow(PEF). After excluding the participants with missing data, 700 participants(278 males, 422 females) were eligible for the present analysis. Air monitoring data(concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2) obtained from the national monitoring stations nearby the study communities were collected during the study period.Results: As PM2.5 concentration increased by each 10?g/m3, Fe NO levels were increased by 1.491%~3.436%(P<0.05) in females and individuals aged?18 years, but decreased by 1.735%~10.649%(P<0.05) in males and individuals aged<18 years. Nagative associations between the PM2.5 mass concentration and the level of VC, FVC or PEF were found(P<0.05 for all). After adjustment for the mass concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2, the most robust associations were found between the PM2.5 mass concentration and VC(?=-12.006%, 95% confidence interval(CI):-15.021%~-8.884%), FVC(?=-13.636%, 95%CI:-19.493%~-7.353%) and PEF(?=-6.181%, 95%CI:-11.226%~-0.849%), among participants by sex and age.Conclusion: Associations between the PM2.5 mass concentration and Fe NO levels in the participants by sex and age were inconsistant. PM2.5 presented a delay effect on lung function in the certain individuals. |
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