| [Objective] Using the survey data of physique and health status of Guangxi students in 2014,to analyse the development level of morphology,function and quality and disease status of 7 ~ 18 years old students of Zhuang Nationality,and the rationality of the evaluation method of functional quality index was analyzed,in order to understand Zhuang Students' physical fitness and health status in 2014 to provide reference for guiding the school sports health work and making intervention plan in Guangxi.[Methods] Data of physique,function,quality and common diseases of Zhuang Students in Guangxi in 2014 were obtained from the study of physique and health of Zhuang students aged 7~18 years old.(1)The data were divided into 48 groups based on the urban and rural areas,gender and age,to make statistics of mean of each index in each group;(2)Two independent samples t test was adopted.The main morphological,functional and quality indexes were examined by the differences of city,township and gender,and compared with the results of the survey in 2010;(3)To make statistical analysis of important derivative indicators;(4)The results of evaluation of functional quality indexes by combining somatotype,were compared with those of the original indexes,and the correlation between body mass index(BMI-Z)and physiological function index(Z)was analyzed;(5)Use X2-Test for students common disease prevalence rate statistics.The indexes of this topic are height,weight,chest circumference;The indexes of function include vital capacity,pulse,blood pressure and grip strength;Quality indicators include 50 m running,50m*8running back and forth,800 m run(female)or 1000m(male)run,standing long jump,sit and reach,pull or pull-up(male),one minute sit ups(female).Derived indicators are body mass index BMI,height sitting index and weight lung capacity index.Common diseases include poor vision,decayed teeth,low hemoglobin,and roundworm infections.[Results]1 Form,function and quality indexes(1)Physical development indexes In 2014,the height,weight and chest circumference of the 7~18 years old Zhuang Students in Guangxi increased with age.The fastest growing age for all indicators was earlier for girls than for boys,Each index is basically stable of 16 to 18 years old,the growth trend is not obvious.The level of morphological development in all age groups was higher in urban than in rural areas,and boys were higher than girls.The height and weight of most age groups showed an increase compared with 2010.(2)Physiological function indexes Male and female students' vital capacity,blood pressure,grip strength were increasing with age,boys' were higher than girls'.Lung capacity was higher in urban than in rural area,and grip strength was higher in countryside than in urban area.The blood pressure is high and low between urban and rural areas,and the average pulse with the increase of age decreased,girls' are higher than boys',and greater than the rural city of boys before 13 years old and girls before the age of 14.Apart fromindividual age groups,lung capacity and pulse rate showed an upward trend compared with 2010.(3)Motor ability indexes The average scores of all quality indexes all increased with age.In addition to the 50 m running performance was better than the rural city,on the whole the performance for the country was better than the city,in addition to sit and reach,the average score of female was higher than male,the quality index scores of boys showed better than that of girls.Speed,endurance and flexibility were different from those in 2010,and speed quality was generally improved.Endurance and flexibility were increased in elementary school,and decreased in early and high school.2 Derived indexes(1)Body mass index(BMI)BMI showed an increasing trend with age,and the overall rate was greater in cities than in rural areas,and boys' were higher than girls'.The detection rate of overweight and obesity was higher in cities than in rural areas,and boys' were higher than girls'.The prevalence of weight loss was higher in rural areas than in urban areas,and girls' were lower than boys' before puberty,the rate of emaciation was higher than that of male students after puberty.(2)Height sitting index The index decreased first and then increased with age,and then shifted towards "V".The proportion of the trunk type of the students in each age group declined first,then increased,and the proportion of short trunk type increased first and then decreased.The 7 years old students accounted for the largest proportion of the trunk type,and the middle type was the dominant type after the age of 8.(3)Weight vital capacity index The index increased with age,and the mean value of weight and vital capacity index of male students showed anupward trend,but the mean change of female students was not obvious.In general,boys' were higher than girls',and there was no significant difference between urban and rural areas in most age groups.There were significant differences in gender differences.(4)Weight grip index The weight grip index showed an upward trend with age,the overall performance of rural areas was greater than the city,boys' were greater than girls',and the urban and rural differences,the gender differences between the majority of age groups were statistically significant.(5)The comparison of the results between the derived index and the original index It showed that the statistical results of weight vital capacity index,weight grip index were not the same as those measured by lung capacity and handgrip strength alone.The difference was reflected in some age groups,and the difference of gender and urban and rural areas was different from that of primary indexes.(6)Correlation between BMI and physiological indexes BMI-Z,capacity Z,systolic blood pressure Z,and diastolic blood pressure Z showed significant positive correlation,the correlation coefficient r were 0.329,0.357,0.243,the result of original index analysis showed positive correlation,the correlation coefficients were 0.535,0.517,0.444.3 Common diseases(1)Poor eyesight The total rate of poor visual examination was 61.4%,57.2% for boys,65.7% for girls,63.1% for cities and 59.8% for rural areas.Among these cases,mild and moderate visual acuity decreased year by year,and severe visual acuity increased year by year.There were significant differences in the detection rate of three stages in primary,middle and high school.(2)Dental caries The caries prevalence and caries rate of deciduous teeth gradually decreased with age,and the caries prevalence and caries prevalence of permanent teeth showed an upward trend.The prevalence rate of caries was higher in rural areas than in urban areas,and girls' were higher than boys'.The caries prevalence rate of rural boys in 12 year old group was higher than that of female students.The femal students' prevalence rate of permanent teeth caries in urban and rural areas was higher than that of male students,the difference was statistically significant.Compared with 2010,the prevalence rate of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth decreased in general.(3)Low haemoglobin The total detection rate of low hemoglobin was22.8%,22.5% for boys,23.1% for girls,20.4% for cities and 24.9% for rural areas.On the whole,the rate of students' low hemoglobin detection decreased first and then increased with age,and the country was higher than that of the city,the female students' were higher than the boys',and the urban-rural differences in the detection rates of boys aged 7 and 14 were statistically significant.Rural girls showed the first peak of low hemoglobin detection rate at the age of 7.Rural male students,urban male and female students all appeared the first peak at the age of 9,and the second peak of the low hemoglobin detection rate was at the age of 14.(4)Ascarid The total detection rate was 1.87%,1.91% for boys and1.83% for girls,the detection rate of 7 years old group was 2.25%,9 years old groups of students accounted for 1.46%.X2-test showed that the difference of detection rate between genders and age groups were not statistically significant.[Conclusions] The form,function and quality indicators were in line with the general laws of growth and development of 7~18 years old students of Zhuang in Guangxi in 2014,there were urban and rural,gender differences.Compared with 2010,the development of morphology and function was improved,and the quality index and physical development were unbalanced.With the increase of age,the level of the derived indexes and the prevalence of common diseases increased and decreased.There was a difference between the evaluation of functional quality index and the original index,rational methods should be chosen in combination with figure selection.Body mass index was closely related to cardiorespiratory function,and higher body fat content may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in children.Reasonable health care measures should be taken according to different regions and genders to improve the physical exercise and dietary nutrition level of the students and to promote the balanced development of the physique of Zhuang students in urban and rural areas. |
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