| ObjectiveTo understand the changes of physical fitness development of children and adolescents in Anhui Province during 2005 ~ 2014,and to analyze the impact of different physical exercise,physical education,long-distance running attitude and exercise time on physical fitness index(PFI).MethodsA total of 30 991 children and adolescent attended the Physical Fitness and the Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students were selected as the subjects.According to the PFI value of 2005,2010,2014,PFI value < the 75 th percentile(P75)of the same gender and age was defined as low physical energy,PFI value ?P75 of the same gender and age was defined as high physical fitness.The study analyzed the changes in physical fitness and physical health of students in three times.Students attended in the National Student Physique and Health Research in 2014 were also given physical exercise,physical education attitudes,long-distance running attitude and exercise time survey by questionnaires.The differences of physical fitness between different physical exercise attitude and time group were compared by?2test,and multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the effect of physical education time,physical exercise,physical education attitudes,long-distance running attitude and exercise time,and BMI on physical fitness.ResultsIn 2005,2010 and 2014,the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Anhuiprovince was changed.The BMI index of boys and girls in all age groups showed an upward trend(all P values<0.05).Among the college students,the PFI of the boys in2005,2010 and 2014 was 0.61,0.08 and –0.55,respectively;the PFI of the girls was1.17,–0.18 and –0.75,respectively;and the trend was gradually decreased in the past10 year,and the differences were statistical significan(F=25.614,P < 0.001;F=80.688,P<0.001).The PFI of primary and high school boys showed a tendency to rise first and then descending,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the PFI of primary and middle school girls showed a trend of decreasing first and then increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Among the high school girls,PFI was –0.31,–0.20,and 0.43,respectively,and the trend was gradually increased in the past 10 years(F = 15.845,P<0.001).Chi-square test results showed that the proportion of the high PFI of the students who often ate breakfast is more than those who ate less.Percentage of higher pfi was26.3% and 26.2% in primary school students with adequate physical education class,higher than those with inadequate class(?2=7.714,P<0.05;?2=7.976,P<0.05),so as the middle school and college students.On the whole,The proportion of high physical fitness students in positive attitude group was higher than the general group and negative group(P<0.05).In the different physical exercise time group,the proportion of the high physical activity increased with the increase of time,especially in the high school students and college students,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the risk of lower physical fitness of students in primary school was higher than those with inadequate physical education class(OR=1.72,95%CI: 1.24~2.39;OR=1.59,95%CI:1.10~2.29).Among middle school girls and college students,physical fitness in students with positive attitude upon PE and endurance running is significantly higher than negative ones(OR=3.30,95%CI: 1.10~9.91;OR=3.75,95%CI: 2.01~7.01).Concerning physical duration,physical fitness in college students with physical duration > 60 min is higher than that < 30min(OR=2.43,95%CI: 1.53~3.87;OR=2.12,95%CI:1.16~3.87).Overweight and obese students in all age group had higher risk of lowerphysical fitness than BMI normal students,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In the past 10 years,the level of physical fitness development among college students in Anhui Province has been declining.The downward trend of physical fitness development among primary and middle school students has been checked,and individual physical fitness indicators has rebounded.Actively participate in physical exercise,to ensure a certain exercise time and maintain the appropriate weight can improve the level of PFI. |
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